The early years of a child's life are crucial for language and literacy development. From birth to age five, children experience rapid cognitive growth that lays the groundwork for future academic success. Research indicates that early exposure to rich language environments and literacy activities significantly enhances a child's ability to read and write effectively. Understanding the importance of early intervention, parents, educators, and caregivers can foster these essential skills to ensure a lifelong love of learning.

Language acquisition begins long before a child speaks their first word. Babies are keen observers and listeners, absorbing sounds and rhythms from their surroundings. According to studies by Hart and Risley (1995), the number of words a child hears in their early years directly impacts their vocabulary development and literacy skills. Children exposed to diverse and rich language environments by parents and caregivers tend to have more extensive vocabularies and stronger reading comprehension abilities in later years.

Early language development also supports a child’s ability to think critically and communicate effectively. Through conversations, storytelling, and play, young children learn the nuances of language, which contributes to their social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Ensuring that a child is exposed to a variety of spoken words, songs, and stories provides the building blocks for literacy development.

The role of parents and caregivers in nurturing early literacy skills cannot be overstated. Reading to children from an early age is one of the most effective ways to build early literacy. According to research from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), reading aloud to children stimulates brain development, strengthens the parent-child bond, and promotes a love of books and storytelling.

Interactive reading—where parents ask questions, point out pictures, and encourage children to participate—greatly enhances comprehension and engagement. Additionally, creating a home environment that values literacy, such as having books readily available and encouraging children to "read" independently, helps foster a lifelong habit of reading.

While parents are the primary language models in a child's early life, educators play a fundamental role in reinforcing language and literacy skills. Early childhood education programs provide structured opportunities for children to engage with language through activities such as storytelling, rhymes, and singing. Teachers can create print-rich environments where children are encouraged to interact with written words through labeling, drawing, and early writing.

Emergent literacy skills, such as recognizing letters and sounds, can be supported through play-based learning activities. Phonemic awareness, letter recognition, and vocabulary development are foundational skills that should be nurtured through engaging and age-appropriate methods.

In today’s digital age, technology can also support early literacy. Educational applications and interactive e-books designed for young learners can provide a dynamic way to engage with language and literacy activities. However, it is essential to balance screen time with traditional reading and conversation to promote a holistic approach to language development.

Increasing early language and literacy skills is essential for a child’s long-term academic success. By fostering a language-rich environment at home and in early education settings, parents and educators can set the stage for strong literacy skills. Early intervention, interactive reading, and exposure to diverse language experiences lay the foundation for children to thrive as lifelong learners. With intentional efforts, we can ensure that every child has the tools they need to succeed in school and beyond.

DOI 10 10.5281/zenodo.14590611

Music and movement activities play a crucial role in enhancing early learning experiences for young children. These engaging activities not only stimulate creativity and self-expression but also contribute significantly to cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development. As educators and parents seek innovative ways to support holistic growth in early childhood, incorporating music and movement into daily routines emerges as a powerful strategy.

Music has an innate ability to capture children’s attention and evoke emotions. Research has shown that exposure to music in early childhood promotes brain development, enhances language skills, and improves memory. According to a study published in Developmental Psychology, children who participate in music activities demonstrate better verbal memory and phonological awareness, essential components of language development.

Engaging children in musical experiences—such as singing, clapping, and playing instruments—provides opportunities for them to practice listening skills, rhythm, and pitch. These activities help develop auditory discrimination, which is critical for learning to read and write. Furthermore, music fosters a sense of belonging and community among young learners, as they often participate in group activities that promote collaboration and social interaction.

In addition to music, movement is a fundamental aspect of early childhood development. Young children naturally express themselves through movement, and incorporating physical activity into learning can enhance their cognitive functioning. Movement activities stimulate brain development by increasing blood flow and oxygen to the brain, which can improve concentration and focus.

Activities such as dancing, jumping, and playing movement games allow children to develop gross motor skills and coordination. These skills are vital for physical health and are foundational for later, more complex physical activities. Research indicates that children who engage in regular physical activity exhibit improved attention spans, better academic performance, and enhanced emotional regulation.

Integrating music and movement activities can create dynamic learning experiences that cater to various learning styles. For instance, using songs that involve physical actions—such as “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes”—helps children learn body parts while also improving coordination and memory. This kinesthetic approach makes learning enjoyable and memorable.

Incorporating storytelling into music and movement activities can further enrich the learning experience. Educators can create interactive stories where children act out characters or scenarios through movement while responding to musical cues. This not only enhances comprehension and vocabulary but also allows children to express their creativity and imagination.

Music and movement activities also play a vital role in promoting social and emotional development. Group activities encourage teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills as children work together to create dances or musical performances. Through these collaborative experiences, children learn to navigate social dynamics, build friendships, and develop empathy.

Moreover, music has a unique ability to evoke emotions and facilitate emotional expression. By engaging with music, children can explore their feelings and learn to express themselves in a healthy manner. Activities such as music therapy have been shown to benefit children with emotional or behavioral challenges, providing them with a safe space to process their emotions.

To maximize the benefits of music and movement activities, educators and parents can create an environment rich in opportunities for exploration and engagement. Incorporating a variety of musical instruments, access to diverse music genres, and open spaces for movement can encourage children to experiment and express themselves freely.

Regularly scheduled music and movement sessions—whether in the classroom or at home—can establish routines that reinforce the importance of these activities in daily life. Encouraging families to participate in music and movement at home can also strengthen the connection between home and school, fostering a community approach to early learning.

Music and movement activities are essential components of early childhood education, offering numerous benefits that enhance learning and development. By incorporating these engaging activities into daily routines, educators and parents can support children's cognitive, social, emotional, and physical growth. As children dance, sing, and explore the rhythms of learning, they not only develop essential skills but also foster a lifelong love of learning. In a world where creativity and collaboration are vital, embracing music and movement can transform the early learning experience, paving the way for future success.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14590615

Conflict is an inevitable aspect of organizational life, which usually stems from conflicting interests, values, or goals among individuals or groups. Conflict has always appeared as a state of disagreement or opposition, ranging from small-scale misunderstandings to large-scale disputes that interfere with production and morale. While, at times, conflict can stimulate creativity and debate, left unresolved, issues often translate to turnover and lack of productivity.

Organizational conflict often originates from individuals' or subgroups' personalities or communication styles for interpersonal disputes and organizational structure and roles for structural conflicts. It’s more prone to personality or communication style differences for interpersonal conflicts and issues surrounding hierarchy/position or role for structural disputes. Scarce resources encompassing limited capital and space can also lead to a fight because of competition, specifically where there are numerous teams and competitors for access to these resources to achieve their objectives. Poor communication increases the depth of conflicts, turning little issues into major enduring wars between two parties.

Organizational conflicts are generally categorized into three types, namely task, relationship, and process conflict. Task conflict involves disagreements over specific tasks or goals and sometimes evokes creativity. Relationship conflict is more personal and emotionally charged and often stems from interpersonal tension. Process conflict deals with the best ways to accomplish work, and though it sometimes leads to some productive dialogue, it usually creates frustration if not resolved. This helps organizations acknowledge the categories and handle the ensuing conflicts with greater nuance.

Conflicts can be internal or external. Internally, they can be intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup. Intrapersonal conflict issues arise from confusion over specific roles. Interpersonal conflicts are between two people. Intragroup conflicts arise within one work team or department. Intergroup conflicts arise between departments due to competition or conflicting goals. Examples of conflict resolution techniques are negotiation, mediation, and collaboration. Learning other organizational skills like active listening and empathy can help overcome conflict positively. Organizations should have a culture of open communication and mutual respect to avoid conflict. A job description clearly states what employees are supposed to do and reduces role ambiguity from confusion. Team building strengthens personal relationships and group cohesion. There is training on conflict management that will prepare the employee to manage their internal conflicts. An open-door policy promotes open communication and mutual respect, while clear job descriptions eliminate role ambiguity, thus reducing the errors that result from misunderstanding. Regular team building and management of conflict training can be used to achieve greater bonding within the groups and personal relationships at the workplace. Organizational conflicts stem from personality conflicts, resource competition, and confused roles. Different types of conflicts exist, such as task-related, interpersonal, and intergroup conflicts, and the right techniques must be applied in handling them. Constructive conflicts can be solved through skills like negotiation, mediation, and cooperation.

Preventive measures like effective communication and training can stop conflicts from blowing out of proportion. It actually builds a more productive environment within and drives the organizations forward toward sustainable success.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14597750

ABSTRACT

Institution                 :       University of La Salette, Inc – Graduate School

Address                   :       Santiago City, Philippines

Title                          :       Assessing Science Competency of Grade 10

                                             Learners Through Laboratory Experiments

Author                     :       Mary Joy L. Juliano

Degree                    :       Master of Arts in Education

Major in Science 

Date of Completion :       July 2024

This study assessed the science competency of grade 10 learners through laboratory experiments. The study made use of pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 35 Grade 10 Learners. Pre-test post-tests were used to gather the needed data. The information on the related literature and studies was gathered to formulate the objectives of the study. This study assess the science competency of the Grade 10 learners through laboratory experiments, School Year 2023-2024. Specifically, the study aimed to determine: (a) the demographic profile of the respondents; (b) the science competency of the grade 10 learners both during pretest and posttest; (c) the effectivity of laboratory experiments on students engagement  on assessing science competencies; and (d) the implication of the findings of the study to science instruction.

This study employs a one-group pretest-posttest. This is appropriate for this study because the researcher compiled data using a pre-test and post-test.

The study's findings led the researcher to draw the following conclusions: The hypothesis testing indicates that there is a significant difference between the pre- and post-tests after the intervention. In terms of pre- and post-tests, there is a statistical difference before and after the intervention. It implies that the intervention is effective.

Based on the results, this study indicates that using a laboratory experiment as intervention in assessing science competency of the Grade 10 learners could enhance their critical thinking and engagement. This study concludes that the use of laboratory experiment method of teaching should be embraced as a good asset to students and science teachers.

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INTRODUCTION

China Telecom, as one of the three major telecommunications operators in China, is facing significant opportunities and challenges in the wave of rapid information technology advancement and global digital transformation. With the proliferation of emerging technologies such as the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, traditional telecommunications services are becoming outdated. In the midst of the digital transformation movement, China Telecom urgently needs to formulate strategies tailored to its own development.

The backdrop of China Telecom's digital transformation lies in the rapid development of the internet and the digital economy. As internet technology advances, people's demands for communication services have undergone substantial changes. Traditional communication services can no longer meet these new demands (Cai Xiaoxia, 2021). Hence, China Telecom must undertake a digital transformation to align with market needs.

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INTRODUCTION

Teacher burnout is one of the biggest problems facing the Chinese education system today. A recent nationwide survey, conducted jointly by SINA.com and the Beijing Morning Post, demonstrated that 59 percent of 4,739 teachers who responded reported symptoms of bad health; they often felt fatigue, headaches, and had trouble getting to sleep (Shanghai Star 2018). Only 2.8 percent of the teachers surveyed said that they never had such problems. The survey also found that 72.5 percent of the teachers reported they were overstressed at work. Considering that many psychological problems can result from long-term suffering, the daily pressures on teachers seem to be intensifying. Why do teachers have these problems? Participants in this study maintained that Chinese teachers are suffering from the worries and pressures brought about by a rapidly changing culture and a change in people’s attitudes and thinking. Chinese teachers find it difficult to uphold Chinese tradition successfully, which places on them a heavy burden of responsibility, while confronting changes in culture and thinking that have eroded traditional Chinese values and thinking.

With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology, the demand for high-tech talents has become more and more extensive. The increasingly fierce market competition and the accelerating pace of life have made people increasingly demanding re-grading the profession of teachers. In order to cultivate high-tech talents who can adapt to the new era, colleges and universities have also made great changes to the teacher training model, evaluation method, evaluation standard and management system. In the face of this huge change, the tasks of college teachers are getting heavier and heavier, and definitely the pressure is getting heavier too. The working regularity and disproportionate input and output of teachers' occupation leads to the overload operation of teachers in universities for a long time, which accumulates to form the burnout of teachers' occupation in universities. The job burnout of college teachers will not only damage the enthusiasm of teachers and affect their teaching but also hinder the improvement of the education quality of colleges and universities. Therefore, it is an urgent task to explore the causes of college teachers' job burnout and put forward corresponding measures.

Teaching and learning are the fundamental ambitions of schools. They provide the foundation of society for youth development. School leaders direct and guide teachers to perform their duties to achieve this ultimate ambition. The advancement of teacher efforts is under the specific authority of principal leadership to advocate teaching and learning in a school (Bolman, L.G., 2018). To strengthen the process, it is crucial to segment teachers’ jobs into subcategories of planned goal frameworks, multidimensional job performance constructs, teacher performance factors, competence standards, and KPIs, to manage and measure job performance (Ishak, M.I.M, 2019) such as teaching planning, classroom organization, monitoring and evaluation, classroom atmosphere and discipline, and teacher leadership (Atsebeha, A.T., 2016).

Teaching planning involves drafting lesson plans, class activities, and sets of activities that are carried out while teaching or in a classroom (Savage, J., 2020). Classroom organization involves arranging the placement of classroom furniture and student seating plans, learning the core material, being aware of the physical circumstances of the classroom, and involving students in learning (Stronge, J.H., 2018). Student learning assessment methods include exams, tests, homework checking, and all associated judgment procedures, known as monitoring and evaluation (Brookhart, S.M). Classroom atmosphere and discipline consists of maintaining a safe, healthy, friendly, and fair classroom environment for optimal learning and appropriate and conducive communication (Glas, C., 2018). Student motivation, guidance, mentoring, and positive influence comprise teacher leadership, the fifth construct of job performance (Farr, S, 2020).

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ABSTRACT

Institution                 :

University of La Salette, Inc.- Graduate School

Address                   :

Santiago City, Philippines

Title                          :

The Impact of Motivation Factors to Academic Performance of Grade 8 Learners of Nagtipunan North District

Author         :

Mary Grace P. Mangaoil

Degree                    :

Master of Arts in Education major in Science

Date of Completion :

July 2024

         The study sought to determine the impact of motivation to Grade 8 learners of Nagtipunan North District.  The study involves a stratified sampling technique and sample of the study was N=100 in which male n=41 and female n=59. The participants are grade 8 learners. The study's population comprises a representative sample of Integrated school of Nagtipunan North District, encompassing their academic performance. The survey questionnaire was modified and improved from Nielsen (2018) and was used to gather the needed data. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, mean, frequency and Mann-Whitney U test to explore relationships between age and gender. This study aims to determine the impact of motivation to grade 8 learners. Specifically, the study aimed to: (a) the demographic profile of the respondents; (b) the specific intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors do grade 8 students perceive to be effective in improving their academic performance; (c) the academic performance; and (d) the perceived impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the  Academic performance of Grade 8 learners in learning Science 8 during 3rd Quarter and if there is a significant difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors of the respondents when they are grouped by profile.

         The study’s findings led researchers to draw the following conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that the respondents’ motivation was affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These factors could help them to grasp knowledge and heightened their motivation. Academic performance of the respondents show that they got a passing grade. The perceived impact intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the academic performance of the Grade 8 learners that there is a correlation between extrinsic and intrinsic incentive and their academic performance. The result showed that the motivation factors and academic performance of the respondents have a relationship. Based on the findings that females are more intrinsically motivated than males. Also, the respondents have the same result in the intrinsic motivation.

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“In a sense, information is everywhere, and so too is communication. It is through communication that information comes from different disciplines to be everywhere. Hence, communication is a pandiscipline.”

If there is one constant activity in any human experience, that is communication. It is an experience that is everywhere. It is everything, as articulated by Luhmann as cited by Schmitz (2020). As individuals, we communicate to fulfill our physical, social, and even practical needs. It is an activity that binds society. It makes any organization operationalize. Communication is the fabric that holds society together.

Furthermore, Gerbner (n.d.) discussed that communication plays a complex role in human culture and the conduct of man's life in society. Our command of communications gives us an even greater measure of control over shaping our society and destiny. In a personal appreciation, this is what makes communication significant to our lives, our community, and our society in general.

In academia, like its primary function, communication is the process of making any discipline or field of study work for the people. In the arts, communication is there to appreciate messages intended to inform, educate, and inspire us. Communication is a vehicle in the sciences to make scientific and technical discoveries available for human consumption through information processing and dissemination. In policy science, communication is developing and implementing policies relevant to human development. Jelisatrangia (2014) emphasized that the role of communication in society might be categorized into political, economic, social, and communication and development. Hence, communication has its connection to almost all disciplines. As Flor (2022) discussed, communication is not only concerned with humans. Communication transcends the social sciences. It is a pandiscipline that touches economics, system theory, physics, and biology. This concept may seem questionable to some and unsearchable to many. However, the idea is a reality that can be easily proven by reflecting on how one individual completed a day—or even reflecting on how one discipline was able to popularize or share information about their discipline.  Etymologically, pandiscipline is a simple combination of the prefix “pan,” meaning "all or "everything", and discipline referring to communication.

         As a pandiscipline, communication is utilized to share relevant information among the many traditional and emerging fields of studies from one individual to another or one organization. While it cannot be clearly appreciated, this pivotal role of communication across disciplines is a manifestation that one cannot deny what communication plays in any human experience. However, with the many advances that society is experiencing came pathological challenges in information and communication. Such challenges are serious threats to how communication and information can effectively play their purposes for human development.

Information disorder is one of the most serious pathological challenges to information and communication. If individuals consume "false" information through various communication channels, then such information is not a guide for advancement but a threat to misinforming a community. It is a must for people to understand what accurate information can do for their advancement. Hence, knowing the skills to evaluate information properly is necessary as a critical solution to the challenges brought by information disorder. Haider and Sundin (2020) articulated that the ability of citizens to establish the credibility of information and information sources through critical assessment is often emphasized as essential for upholding a democratic society and people's health and safety. To address one pressing pathological challenge of information and communication is one personal responsibility: to learn and apply knowledge, attitude, and skills in any means of information and communication consumption.

As we continuously transition to a media and information-saturated society, it is crucial to be equipped with the skills to enjoy the massive amount of available information positively, both for personal and the public good. Thus, if information somewhat makes up our present reality (or at least connects our society), communication as a pandiscipline should not be debunked. Instead, it should be explored as a significant phenomenon in the human experience. Communication should be appreciated more than just a human activity and a field of study. It is also an experience, a process other fields need to function. In a sense, information is everywhere, and so too is communication. It is through communication that information comes from different disciplines to be everywhere. Hence, communication is a pandiscipline.

References:

Flor, A. (2022). Unit II. Society, Technology and Pathology [Zoom Meeting].

Gerbner, G. (n.d.). Communication: Society is the message. https://web.asc.upenn.edu/gerbner/Asset.aspx?assetID=357

Haider, J. and Sundin, O. (2020). Information literacy challenges in digital culture: conflicting engagements of trust and doubt. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1851389

Jelisatrangia, J. (2014). A Better Understanding: Roles and Importance of Communication in Society. https://junojelisatrangia.wordpress.com/2014/10/05/a-better-understanding-roles-and-importance-of-communication-in-society/

Schmitz, B. (2020). Communication is Everywhere. https://www.iaacblog.com/programs/communication-is-everywhere/

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14619184

ABSTRACT:

This study compares three project management tools — Asana, Slack, and Odoo — to determine the best alternative for improving workflow efficiency at the statistical consulting firm in Quezon City. The objective of this research is to provide a data-driven recommendation for an excellent project management tool by evaluating features, ease of use, collaboration capabilities, and cost. The findings show that Asana's full project management functions best suit the firm's operational needs, ensuring scalability and efficiency while dealing with complicated projects.

Keywords: Project Management, User-friendliness, Software, Statistical Consultancy, Collaboration software, Workflow Efficiency

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ABSTRACT

The Covid19 pandemic brought many challenges in all sectors of the government. In the field of education, learning loss was evident among learners across the Philippine educational system. As a proactive approach, the Department of Education implemented National Learning Camp (NLC) to address this phenomenon. This case study determined the extent of NLC implementation along the enabling factors, barriers, and coping mechanism employed by the teacher implementers. Results revealed that there were teaching and learning enabling factors, and school and community enabling factors. There were also teaching and learning barriers, school and community barriers and uncontrolled and natural barriers. School-wide coping mechanisms and individual coping mechanisms were employed by teacher implementers during the NLC implementation. Furthermore, doable inputs were determined for effective implementation of NLC.

Key Words: barriers, coping mechanisms, enablers, implementers, National Learning Camp

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INTRODUCTION

Coaching has evolved over the times. With the recent development in sports, application of technology has been popular. Sports coaching has been searching for the innovation to yield productive and successful results. One of these innovations is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, and sports coaching is no exception. In particular, AI-supported coaching offers a promising approach to enhancing the performance of athletes, including those practicing Chinese Wushu.

AI-supported coaching systems leverage advanced algorithms and data analytics to create customized training regimens. According to Zhao and Yang (2023), these systems assess an athlete’s performance metrics, technique, and physiological data to tailor training programs specifically for their needs. In the context of Chinese Wushu, which demands both precision and strength, AI tools help fine-tune aspects such as agility and technique by providing targeted adjustments based on individual performance data.

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TEACHER QUALITY LIFE AMIDST PANDEMIC

ROGER V. GUIÑEZ JR., MAED

Teacher III

Baliguian Elementary School

Division of Iloilo, Region VI, Philippines

ABSTRACT

This descriptive study ascertained the 104 public elementary school teachers’ quality of life amidst pandemic. An adapted questionnaire of WHO Quality of Life Scale-Bref was utilized. The statistical tools used were Frequency count and Percentage, Mean, Median, Standard Deviation, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Kruskal Wallis Test. Teachers’ quality of life amidst pandemic in terms of overall quality of life and general health when classified as to sex, educational attainment, marital status, and length of service were “good”; in terms of physical health were “satisfied”; in terms of psychological were “very much” contented; in terms of social relationship were “satisfied”; in terms of environment teachers were “very much” contented when classified as to marital status, length of service, the females and with bachelor’s degree while the males and those with master’s degree had “moderate amount” of contentment. There was no significant difference in teachers’ quality of life in terms of overall quality of life and general health, physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment when classified as to sex, educational attainment, and marital status but there was a significance difference in terms of psychological when classified as to educational attainment. There was a significant difference in terms of overall quality of life and general health when classified as to length of service but no significant difference in terms of physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment.

Keywords: Quality of Life, Covid-19 Pandemic, Overall Quality of Life and General Health, Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationship, Environment

Guiñez, Roger Jr., Vasquez, TEACHERS’ QUALITY OF LIFE AMIDST PANDEMIC. Unpublished Graduate Thesis, Master of Arts in Education (Educational Management), Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia, Iloilo, June 2022.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14633632 

This study designs and optimizes cost-effective on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for air conditioning units (ACUs) with capacities of 1 to 2.5 horsepower, aiming to improve energy efficiency and financial feasibility. Key objectives include gathering data on ACU power needs, solar irradiance, and PV specifications for accurate simulations, using HOMER Pro Software to optimize system design, and performing cost analyses. In the Philippines, where abundant sunlight enables solar energy use, solar PV presents a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, contributing to energy security, price stability, and emission reduction.

Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative simulations and qualitative insights for a holistic evaluation. Quantitative analysis through HOMER Pro Software assesses PV system efficiency, output, and cost-effectiveness, considering both short-term and lifecycle costs. Qualitative insights from literature and case studies contextualize these findings, addressing broader trends and barriers in solar PV for ACUs.

Solar irradiance data from Tarlac City, Philippines, guided system optimization, resulting in a design featuring PV panels as the primary power source, battery backup, and grid connectivity. The analysis evaluated three grid interaction scenarios: an independent on-grid system, a flexible grid-purchasing/selling system, and a hybrid configuration for energy flow optimization. The system achieved a PV penetration rate of 93.9%, substantially reducing grid dependence and energy costs, with a 16.5-year payback period and an estimated 90% reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional sources. Although financially viable over time, further real-world battery testing is recommended. The results suggest that despite higher initial investment, lifecycle savings, environmental benefits, and stable cash flow make on-grid solar PV systems a feasible, sustainable solution for ACUs in warm climates. This study’s insights benefit engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability through solar-powered cooling solutions.

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates the potential to expand the "ErgoCart" initiative—a project offering ergonomically designed carts for street vendors—within community extension services to enhance productivity, health, and community organization. Using data from surveys and interviews with current ErgoCart users, the research examines the initiative's effectiveness and identifies strategies to replicate it across communities. Findings suggest high levels of satisfaction, health benefits, and organizational improvements. Employing project management tools such as stakeholder analysis, Gantt charts, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Sequential Task Planning, Plan-Do-Check-Act Approach, and Balanced Scorecard, the study proposes a structured framework for scaling Ergocart as a sustainable, community-wide program.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Community Extension, Project Management, Scalable Project, ErgoCart

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This quantitative study aimed to explore the status of completion and the challenges encountered in the Implementation of Government Infrastructure Projects in the Barangays in Aglipay, Quirino. This study was conducted in Aglipay, Quirino in 2022. Respondents were the nine project engineers and 25 barangay captains. The researcher utilized a researcher-made survey questionnaire as the primary tool to gather depth and specific data. This is a one-part self-administered questionnaire in a 4-point likert-scale. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to analyze the status of completion of the government infrastructure projects and the challenges encountered. Moreover, the t-test was used to find if there is a significant difference between the challenges encountered by project engineers and barangay captains. Findings showed that roads, bridges, water systems, sewages, buildings, and other infrastructure projects are still incomplete. However, almost all of these projects except bridges are almost half complete. Sewage systems got the highest percentage of completion which is 50.00% and the lowest is bridges which is 6.3% complete. The Great challenges encountered by project engineers in implementing government infrastructure projects are Budget Limitation, Increasing Material Cost and Unfavorable weather condition while implementing government projects in Barangay. For the Barangay Captains, the great challenges are Budget Limitation, and increasing of Material Cost. The measures that can be proposed to address the challenges were budget limitation, limited skills, skilled laborer shortages, poor communication with laborers, rapidly increasing material cost and unfavorable weather and can be a great help to the concerned authorities in crafting an effective action plan.

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ABSTRACT

The primarily aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the admission and perseverance of the seminarians of the Junior High School in the Seminary formation. The study was conducted at Sto. Niño Seminary, Numancia, Aklan, Philippines.

The seminary plays an important part in the church as it shapes its partakers with the purpose of forming and supplying the future priest of its diocese.

The importance of the seminary for the diocese is inescapable, however, as time has passed, the number of admissions at the Sto. Niño Seminary in Numancia, Aklan, has been slowly on the decline. Over a period of 4 years the student population of the Junior High School Department has dropped from 97 students to just 54 students, as of the School Year 2023 – 2024 (SNS Registrar, 2024).

Socioeconomic conditions are one barrier to entrance into the seminary (Calibo & Oracion, 2014). According to Orion Jr. et al. (2014), financial resources were the primary factor contributing to students' decision to drop out of education out of the five factors that influence this decision.

The participants consisted of fifty-two (52) bona fide Junior High School Seminarians, enrolled in School Year 2023-2024 at the Sto. Niño Seminary,Numancia, Aklan, Philippines. Participants were eighteen (18) seminarians from grade seven (7); fifteen (15) seminarians from grade eight (8); seven (7) seminarians from grade nine (9); and twelve (12) semianrians from grade ten (10). All of the respondents were male.

To attain the objectives of the research, the researcher wrote letters asking permission and assistance from the Father Rector of the Sto. Niño Seminary, Reverend Father Val N. Nalangan.

The researchers initiated the data collection process after obtaining permission. They provided the participants with an explanation of the research's nature, as well as their rights, responsibilities, and the extent of their participation. The participants were given a period of time to reflect and determine whether to continue participating. Upon their approval, the researchers introduced the research topic and questions to inform the participants and provide them with the possibility of withdrawing their participation. The researchers also developed guide questions for systematic data collection.

Research data was collected by the utilization of a validated semi-structured questionnaire. Observation was also conducted to determine factors affecting the admission and perseverance of the Junior High School seminarians in the Seminary formation.

The research also utilized Mixed-Method Research Design because it involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data.

The research used the percentage formula of:

Z = x/y *100

The results show that most seminarians had information about the seminary before entering the seminary, with fifty-one (51%) stating so. With this information, a majority of the seminarians entered the seminary with details regarding the seminary. The results also show that eighty-one (81%)  participants knew this information mainly came from their families. It must be noted that the seminarians had experienced the pandemic before entering the seminary, which is why none of them had found out about the seminary through the Vocation Campaign. According to the result, there is also a higher chance, or eighty-three percent (83%), for someone to enter the seminary if one of their family members is a priest or a seminarian. Parents were also a significant factor in encouraging their child to enter the seminary, as shown in fifty-one percent (51%) results.

The study implies that twenty-four (24%) answered that sports were a factor that made them persevere inside the seminary. Education, friends, and being a seminarian all contributed twenty percent (20%). Moreover, sixteen percent (16%) stated other reasons for their perseverance.

Furthermore, the data also stated that fifty-seven percent (57%) of seminarians place value and importance on the formation inculcated inside the seminary. In addition, fifty-one (51%) of seminarians answered that they think it is an essential step for their long-term goals to study in the seminary. Also, data indicates that 71% of seminarians place heavy importance on supporting and encouraging their family members and friends to continue learning in the seminary. The most significant factor of seminarians studying in the seminary is what the participants find inside the seminary rather than the things that seminarians find outside the seminary that might seem more appealing.

Result shows that most seminarians' problems relate to their studies, especially the lack of internet access and gadgets. In addition to the problem with technology, time management, and responsibilities are challenging. It is important to note that the majority of them stated that despite seminarians’ current problems, seminarians’ they had no desire to quit studying inside the seminary, with 45 responses in all. A small number of the majority had also noted that seminarians’ current struggles need to be taken as a lesson, with 10 of the 45 responses saying so. A few seminarians indicated their problems are time management and prayer life when they are outside the seminary. The seminarians think that these struggles will help them grow.

Moreover, the participants mentioned that seminarians did not consider leaving the seminary despite problems. The study shows seminarians had not considered leaving the seminary despite their struggles, with 36 responses. One had noted that "leaving the seminary will not help solve my problems." One had also said that they "do not consider leaving because of sports." On the contrary, there is a minority that does consider leaving the seminary, with two responses. One had noted: "My father does not support me being a seminarian." Also, one of the students is considering leaving because of bullying. One had stated that they were considering leaving because of financial problems.

Lastly, staying in seminary is due to seminarians coping mechanisms that they have inside the seminary. Seminarians coping mechanisms were prayers, sports, and even socializing with friends and fellow seminarians. All of these could be found in the seminary. Despite facing problems, the seminarians still find the seminary to be a safe place to be.

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made: (a)The main factor that the seminarians entered the seminary was because of their family. It was through their family that they had known about the seminary, (b) the Seminary's formation is a factor in the persevering of seminarians, (c) despite seminarians' struggles with studies, the seminarians had coping mechanisms. The coping mechanisms were prayer life, sports, and socializing with friends and fellow seminarians.

Keywords: Seminarians, Formation, Admission, Perseverance,

References:

Han, J., Meyer, B., & Sullivan, J. (2020). Income and Poverty in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved on May 20, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.3386/w27729

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Calibo, F. D., & Oracion, E. G. (2014). The Secular Reasons for Entering the Diocesan Priestly Formation of Young Filipinos. Philippine Sociological Review, 62, 65–84. Retrieved on May 20, 2024, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43486493

Orion, H. C., Forosuelo, E. J. D., & Cavalida, J. M. (2014). Factors Affecting Students' Decision to Drop Out of School. SLOGAN, 2(1), 16. Retrieved on April 16, 2024 from https://rpo.cjc.edu.ph/index.php/slongan/article/view/4 

Oxford University Press. (2022, September). Perseverance. In Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved on May 20, 2024, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Oxford University Press. (2022, September). Admission. In Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved on May 20, 2024, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14676125

Abstrak

Ang deskriptibong pag-aaral na ito ay naglalayong mangolekta ng Internet slang na ginagamit ng mga guro at mag-aaral sa iba’t ibang social media platform, ipaliwanag ang kahulugan ng mga ito, gamitin ito sa mga pangungusap, at bumuo ng pedagogical tool para sa pagtuturo gamit Internet slang sa pamamagitan ng Komik Strips. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay isinagawa sa Major Manuel A. Aaron Memorial National High School, na kinabibilangan ng 6 guro at 30 grade 11 na mag-aaral. Ang teoretikal na batayan ng pag-aaral na ito ay cognitive theory of multimedia learning ni Richard Mayer (1997), na nagbibigay – diin sa epektibong multimedia learning theory. Gumamit ng mga elemento ng biswal at tekstwal na pag-aaral. Ang 58 na mga Internet Slang ang pinakagamitin ng mga kalahok. Ito ay binigyan ng kahulugan at ginamit sa pangungusap para makabuo ng komik strip. Natuklasan ng mananaliksik na ang paggamit ng komiks ay nagbibigay sa mga mag – aaral ng makabuluhang pagkatuto sa barayti ng wika.

Panimula

Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral

Malaking hamon para sa sektor ng edukasyon ang kasalukuyang sitwasyon ng ating lipunan dulot ng mga nagsusulputang mga platform sa social media dala ng pagsulong ng teknolohiya. Kasabay ng pagsulputan ng bagong teknolohiyang ito ay nagsilabasan na rin ang maraming bagong salita tulad ng mga Internet Acronyms, Internet Jargons o Internet Slang. Pero mas tamang tawagin ang mga salitang ito na "internet slangs" dahil hindi naman lahat ito ay abbreviation at hindi maituturing na internet terms dahil marami ang nakakaalam ng salita (marahil nauso ang internet). Masasabing balbal ang mga ito dahil hindi man ito tinatanggap o ginagamit sa lahat ng antas ng komunikasyon, pamilyar sa kanila ang karamihan, lalo na ang mga kabataan ngayon.

         Kaya naman, sisikapin ng pag-aaral na ito na mangolekta ng internet slang at ipaliwanag ito upang makatulong at maunawaan ang henerasyong hindi nakakaunawa sa bokabularyo ng mga kabataan ngayon. Bukod pa rito, ang nakolektang internet slang ay gagamitin sa pagbuo ng komiks bilang kasangkapan sa pagtuturo para sa mga barayti ng wika.

Napapanahon din ang paggamit ng mga kagamitang pampagtuturo tulad ng Komiks dahil malaya itong mababasa online o sa pamamagitan ng digital na paraan. Ang komiks ay hindi lamang isang libangan kundi isang makapangyarihang lunsaran o kasangkapan sa pagtuturo. Sa paggamit nito, nagiging mas kasabik-sabik at epektibo ang pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa proseso ng pagkatuto sa loob ng klasrum. Magagamit rin ito sa mga panahon na sinususpendi ang klase dahil sa sobrang init ng temperatura at nariyan pa rin ang banta ng pandemya.

Metodolohiya

Ayon kay John W. Creswell (1998; 2013) mahalaga ang papel ng interbyu bilang bahagi at pamamaraan sa kwalitatibong pananaliksik, na nagbibigay – daan sa malalim nap ag – unawa sa mga kaalaman, pananaw at opinyon ng mga kalahok. Sa pamaraang ito, makukuha ang konteksto ng sagot ng mga kalahok at mauunawaan ang kanilang pananaw hinggil sa mga isyu o paksa.

Ang proseso at paraan ng pag-aaral ay maisasakatuparan sa pamamagitan ng sumusunod na hakbang:

         Una, ang pangangalap at pagtitipon ng datos na ginawa sa pamamagitan ng interbyu sa anim na guro at 30 na mag-aaral ng Major Manuel A. Aaron Memorial National High School mula sa Grade 11. Kadalasan makikita na ginagamit ng mga kabataang “Generation Z” ang mga kakaibang salita na tinatawag na Internet Slang.

         Pangalawa, matapos na makalap ang mga Internet Slang ay matiyagang inalam, binigyan ng kahulugan at hinanay ang mga ito batay gamit o layunin ng wika sa paalpabetong ayos na siya ring ginamit sa pangungusap. Inalam rin ng mananaliksik ang mga internet slang na pinakamadalas na gamitin ng mga kalahok base sa kanilang binigay na impormasyon.

         Pangatlo, mula sa mga nakalap na Internet Slang ay pumili ang mananaliksik ng mga gagamitin para sa ginawang iskrip at dayalogo para sa binuong komik strip.

         Pang-apat, sa tulong ng isang visual artist ay nagpagawa ang mananaliksik ng dibuho o guhit ng mga tagpo, tauhan at kuwento batay sa ginawang iskrip ng mananaliksik gamit ang napiling internet slang. Matapos nito ay hinanda ng mananaliksik ang pinal na kopya ng nabuong komik strip bilang kagamitang pampagtuturo sa aralin tungkol sa Barayti ng Wika.

Resulta

Mula sa 121 na internet slangs na naisagot ng mga kalahok, 58 ang mga internet slangs na napabilang sa napakadalas gamitin at kadalasang gamitin. Ang 58 na internet slangs na ito ay bibigyan ng kahulugan. Ihahanay ang mga ito batay sa gamit o layunin ng wika sa paalpabetong ayos na siya ring gagamitin sa pangungusap.

AFAM, isang pinaikling salita na tumutukoy sa Asian Foreigners/Americans. Halimbawa, “Punta tayo sa Siargao, maraming AFAM ron.”

ATM, isang pinaikling anyo ng salita na nangangahulugang at the moment. Halimbawa, “Kumakain na kami atm.”

Awit, isang ekspresyon na ginagamit upang ipakita ang pagkabigo o kapag may hindi magandang nangyari. Halimbawa, “Pinagpalit ka sa malapit, awit.”

Beh, isang pangngalan na karaniwang ginagamit sa mga pahayag na nagpapakita ng lambing, nakakatuwa o minsan ay ginagamit pang-asar. Halimbawa, “Bigyan mo naman ako ng pagkain mo beh.”

Bruh, ginagamit bilang isang ekspresyon ng pagkabigla o pagkadismaya. Halimbawa, “Bruh hindi na siya nahiya.”

BTW, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “by the way” na ginagamit upang magdagdag ng kaugnayang impormasyon tungkol sa pinag-uusapan. Halimbawa, “Btw papunta na kami jan.”

Cancel, isang pandiwa na nangangahulugang pag-alis o boykot sa isang tao o organisasyon dahil sa kanilang mga aksyon o pahayag na itinuturing na hindi katanggap-tanggap. Halimbawa, “Ang sama ng ugali ni Jas, dapat sa kanya i-cancel.”

Charot, ginagamit bilang ekspresyon at madalas na nilalagay sa dulo ng isang pahayag para ipakita na biro lamang ito o hindi seryoso ang pahayag. Halimbawa, “Ang ganda mo today, charot!”

Chika, isang pangngalan na nangangahulugang tsismis o balita. Halimbawa, “Clara, I have chika.”

Clout, isang pangangalan na tumutukoy sa impluwensya o kapangyarihan ng isang tao. Halimbawa, “Ginagamit ka lang niya for clout.”

Comeback, isang pandiwa na nangangahulugang pagbabalik sa isang tiyak na sitwasyon. Halimbawa, “Ilang taon sila hindi nag – usap pero ngayon nag comeback na sila.”

  Cutesy, isang pang-uri na nangangahulugang cute o adorable na kadalasang ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang bagay o tao. Halimbawa, “Ang kulit ni Kai, very cutesy.”

Dasurb, ito ay pandiwa na may kahulugan na deserve sa wikang Ingles. Ginagamit ito sa isang pahayag kapag ang isang tao ay nararapat sa isang bagay o sitwasyon. Halimbawa, “Nadapa ka? Dasurb!”

Delulu, isang pang-uri na tumutukoy sa isang taong may unrealistic na pananaw o pag-iisip. Halimbawa, “Hindi ka gusto ni Ryan, delulu ka lang.”

Demure, isang pang-uri na nangangahulugang maingat o tahimik na naglalarawan sa isang tao na may kahinhinan o modesty. Halimbawa, “Ang hinhin ng tawa ni Therese, very demure.”

DM, isang pandiwa na nangangahulugang pribadong mensahe/direct message sa social media. Halimbawa, “Gusto mo ba ang sapatos? I- DM mo siya.”

Dump, isang pangngalan na tumutukoy sa pangalawang account sa social media. Halimbawa, “Ini-istalk niya ako gamit ang kanyang dump account.”

Eabab, isang pangngalan at pabaliktad na baybay ng salitang babae. Halimbawa, “Kay gandang eabab ni Fyang.”

Estetik, isang pang-uri na tumutukoy sa isang bagay na aesthetically pleasing o may magandang visual appeal. Halimbawa, “Ang estetik manamit ni Adrian.”

Ferson, isang pangngalan na tumutukoy sa tao o person. Halimbawa, “Umiiyak na naman ang ferson.”

Flex, isang pandiwa na tumutukoy sa pagpapakita ng kakayahan, tagumpay o kadalasang sa paraang mayabang. Halimbawa, “Pa-flex naman sa stories mo.”

FR, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “for real” na ginagamit upang ipahayag ang pagiging seryoso o totoo ng isang bagay. Halimbawa, “Ang sama ng ugali niya, FR.”

Frogs, isang ekspresyon na nangangahulugang “magpagaling ka”, kung saan sa Filipino ang Frog ay palaka, na dinagdagan ng /-s/ sa dulo upang maging “palakas”. Halimbawa, “May sakit ka ba? Frogs ka Ethan.”

Ghorl, isang pangngalan na nangangahulugang “girl”, kadalasang ginagamit ng matalik na magkakaibigan. Halimbawa, “Ghorl, gumising ka na sa katotohanan.”

Ghost, isang pandiwa na tumutukoy sa pag-iwas o pagtigil sa pakikipag – ugnayan sa isang tao ng biglaan at walang paliwanag. Halimbawa, “Hindi na siya nagchat, na ghost na ata ako.”

GV, isang pang-uri, pagdadaglat ng salitang “good vibes”, tumutukoy sa positibong pakiramdam. Halimbawa, “Magaan ang loob ko sa kanya kasi nakaka-gv siya.”

 Gwaenchana, isang salitang koreano na ginagamit para sabihing okay o walang problema. Halimbawa, “Tanggap ko na, gwaenchana.”

Habibi, isang pangngalan na Arabic term na nangangahulugang “my beloved”, ginagamit bilang term of endearment. Halimbawa, “Kumpleto na ang araw ko dahil nakita ko na ang aking Habibi.”

Hanash, isang pandiwa na nangangahulugang usapan o talk, kadalasang ginagamit para sa mga kaswal na usapan. Halimbawa, “Diretsuhin mo na kasi, ang dami mong hanash.”

 Igop, isang pang-uri na tumutukoy sa isang lalake na pogi o gwapo. Halimbawa, “Ang igop talaga ni Sir Harold.”

Iyaqq, isang pandiwa na nangangahulugang pagkabigo o pagkadismaya. Halimbawa, “Tapang mo kanina tapos ngayon iyaqq ka.”

JK, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “just kidding o joke”. Halimbawa, “Ang galing mo, jk.”

Juicecolored, isang ekspresyon ng “Diyos ko Lord” subalit iniba lang ang pagbaybay at magkapareho parin ang tunog o gamit nito. Halimbawa, “Grabe ang lakas ng bagyo, juicecolored.”

JWU, isang pinaikling anyo ng salita na nangangahulugang “just woke up”. Halimbawa, “Sorry na, jwu.”

Korique, isang na pang-uri na nangangahulugang tama at ginagamit upang ipakita ang pagsang-ayon. Halimbawa, “Korique ang nasagap mong balita. “

Kuan, isang ekspresyon na mula sa bisaya na ginagamit kapag hindi mo maipaliwanag ang isang bagay o kapag nag – iisip ka pa. Halimbawa, “Ikaw ay aking kuan, basta hindi ko maipaliwanag.”

Lodi, kabaliktaran ng salitang idol, ginagamit bilang pangngalan at ginagamit upang ipakita ang paghanga o paggalang sa isang tao. Halimbawa, “Si Daniel Padilla ang lodi ko.”

 LMK, isang pagdadagkat ng “let me know”, ginagamit upang humiling ng update o impormasyon. Halimbawa, “Mayroon ka pa bang kailangan? LMK.”

LT, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “laugh trip”. Halimbawa, “Natutuwa ako kay JP, LT siya palagi.”

Marites, isang pang – uri na tumutukoy sa isang tao na mahilig sa tsismis o balita. Halimbawa, “Hindi mapeperahan yang pagka – marites mo!”

Mars, isang pangangalan na kadalasang ginagamit na tawag sa isang kaibigan. Halimbawa, “Mars, ano na ang balita?”

Naur, isang interjeksyon na nagpapahayag ng paghindi o no na may Australian accent. Halimbawa, “Nagkabalikan na naman sila? Oh Naur!”

NVM, isang pagdadaglat ng “never mind” na ginagamit upang ipahayag na hindi mahalaga ang isang bagay o hindi

ito kailangang pag-usapan. Halimbawa, “Wala yon, nvm.”

 OFC, isang pagdadaglat ng “of course” na ginagamit upang ipakita ang pagsang-ayon o pagtanggap. Halimbawa, “Ofc, kasali ka sa grupo namin.”

 OTW, isang pagdadaglat ng salitang “on the way”.

Halimbawa, “Hintay kalang, otw na kami.”

Pasavogue, isang pangngalan na nangangahulugang pasabog upang ilarawan ang isang bagay na nakakamangha o kapansin-pansin. Halimbawa, “Hindi kinaya ni JM ang pasavogue ni Fyang.”

 Periodt, isang ekspresyon na ginagamit upang bigyang-diin ang isang pahayag o opinyon na kadalasang ginagamit sad ulo ng isa pahayag. Halimbawa, “Ako ang pinakamaganda, periodt.”

QT, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “cutie” para ilarawan ang isang tao na cute o kaakit-akit. Halimbawa, “Ang QT mo sa picture na yan.”

 RT, isang pagdadaglat na nangangahulugang “real talk”. Halimbawa, “Hindi naman siya magaling, rt.”

Seenzone, isang pandiwa na tumutukoy sa status ng messaging app na nagpapakita kung ang mensahe ay nabasa na o natanggap. Halimbawa, “Sakit pre, na seenzone ako.”

 Seym, isang salin ng salitang “same” na nangangahulugang ng pagkakapareho. Halimbawa, “Nakita mo rin yon? Seym.”

Sharks, isang ekspresyon na nangangahulugang “patingin”, kung saan sa Filipino ang Shark ay pating, na dinagdagan ng /-in/ sa dulo upang maging “patingin”. Halimbawa, “Nakapasa ka? Sharks nga ng iskor mo.”

Sheeesh, isang ekspresyon na ginagamit upang ipahayag ang pagkabigla, pagkamangha, o minsang pangngutya. Halimbawa, “Ang hot niya, sheeesh!”

 Shookt, isang pandiwa na ginagamit upang ilarawan ang pakiramdam ng pagkabigla o pagka-stress na dulot ng hindi inaasahang pangyayari. Halimbawa, “Shookt ako sa sekreto ni Rana.”

 SML, isang pagdadaglat ng salitang “share mo lang”. Halimbawa, “Wala akong pakialam, sml?”

 Ssob, isang pangngalan na baliktad ang baybay na nangangahulugang “boss”. Halimbawa, “Ssob, may yosi ka ba jan?”

 Tea, isang pangngalan na nangangahulugang tsismis o impormasyon na may kinalaman sa mga kaganapan sa buhay ng isang tao. Halimbawa, “Mayroon ka bang bagong tea?”

 TBH, isang pagdadaglat ng salitang “to be honest”. Halimbawa, “TBH, ang putla mo.”

Komik Strip: “You Are My Kuan”

 Ang nabuong Komik Strip na may pamagat na “You Are My Kuan”, na pinagbibidahan nina Kelly (ang cutesy na Florida Girl) at Kiro (ang nonchalant heartthrob). Kasama sina Chesca (ang famous baddie chic), Belle (ang ride or die bestie), Anna (ang tea spiller), Kiel (ang gentleman baller), Titser Alex (ang mother dragon ng 12 - Einstein) at Sir Greg (ang big boss ng MMAAMNHS). Umiikot ang komik strip sa mga kabataang gumagamit ng internet slangs bilang bahagi na ng kanilang pang araw-araw sa eskwelahan. Kung saan si Kelly ay isang banyaga na nagmula sa bansang Amerika na siyang tutuklas sa impormal subalit trend na mga salita na kadalasang ginagamit ng karamihan sa social media. Si Chesca na hottest girl at school na magiging kahati niya kay Kiro na siya namang kilala sa larangan ng basketball. Bunsod narin ng kadalasang paggamit ng internet slangs sa loob ng klase, ito ang magdudulot ng hindi nila pagkaka-unawaan ng kanilang guro at siya ring magiging daan sa pagyakap nila sa mga pagbabagong nagaganap sa lipunan at lalong-lalo na sa wika.

Diskusyon

Batay sa kinalabasan ng pag-aaral, marami ang internet slangs na ginagamit ng mga mag – aaral hindi lamang sa loob ng eskwelahan kundi pati na rin sa labas ng eskwelahan. Ito ay hindi pormal at katanggap – tanggap na uri ng wika subalit naging bahagi, gamitin at sunod sa uso na sa pang-araw - araw na pakikipagtalastasan.

Natuklasan rin ng mananaliksik na ang paggamit ng komiks ay magbibigay – daan sa mga mag-aaral na magkaroon ng makabuluhang pagkatututo sa barayti ng wika. Sa mga guro, ang komik strip ay nagsisilbing mabisang kasangkapan sa pagtuturo, na nakatutulong sa pagganyak ng aktibong paglahok ng mga mag-aaral at pagbuo ng mas nakakaakit na mga kagamitang pampagtuturo sa barayti ng wika sa panahon ng digital.

Sa kabuuan, ang komiks ay hindi lamang isang libangan kundi isang makapangyarihang kagamitan sa edukasyon. Ang kombinasyon ng biswal, tekstwal, at malikhaing aspeto nito ay nakatutulong sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman, kasanayan sa wika, at kritikal na pag-iisip, na mahalaga sa kanilang pang-akademikong pag-unlad.

Ang pag-alam at pag-unawa sa mga internet slang ay may malaking halaga sa pag-unlad ng wika, lalo na sa kasalukuyang panahon na ang teknolohiya at social media ay may malalim na impluwensya sa ating araw-araw na buhay. Bagaman hindi ito bahagi ng pormal na wika, may kahalagahan ang mga ito sa pagpapahayag ng ating mga ideya, damdamin, at opinyon sa makabago at mabilis na paraan. Ang pag-alam at paggamit ng mga internet slang ay hindi lamang nagpapadali sa komunikasyon kundi nagiging bahagi rin ng wika at kultura ng kabataan.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14676206 

ABSTRACT

Gastronomists continuously modify and innovate the taste of suman by incorporating new twists with various ingredients to cater to the evolving preferences of people seeking a fusion of suman with fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to develop new methods for creating Samar-based suman with assorted fillings (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) and determine the consumer's acceptability. Using the Hedonic 9-point scale, the acceptability of the produced suman (oryza sativa var. glutinosa) with Assorted Fillings in Terms of Appearance Mean= 7.56, Color Mean= 7.69, Aroma Mean= 7.59, Flavor Mean= 7.56, Taste Mean= 7.78 resulting in "Like Very Much." The physicochemical properties of the assorted fillings in terms of Water Activity resulted in a_w= 0.916+0.002aW, with TSS of 68.87+2.78ºBrix that indicates a relatively high concentration of soluble solids, implying a pronounced sweetness and potential impact on the shelf-life and microbial stability of the product.  Combining the aromatic and sweet assorted fillings (mango, munggo, and carrots) with the sticky and rich suman creates a unique gastronomic experience that could cater to consumers' evolving tastes. This promising innovation combines two staple foods in traditional Filipino cuisine with modern nutritional considerations. Incorporating carrot fillings into suman combines tradition with modern nutritional awareness.

The modification of suman using mango, mung beans, and carrots as assorted fillings represents a convergence of traditional culinary practices with modern nutritional and entrepreneurial approaches. This innovation has implications for technology and livelihood education, providing a real-world context for teaching skills related to food technology, nutrition, entrepreneurship, and cultural sustainability.

Keywords: Development, Assorted fillings, Production of suman, Innovation

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Technology integration in education has become a significant trend in recent years, revolutionizing the traditional teaching and learning process. One of the most notable advancements is the use of digitized materials in classrooms, which has shown promising effects on the learning experiences of students across various grade levels. When applied to Grade 1 pupils, interactive digitized materials can enhance learning outcomes by fostering engagement, improving retention, and accommodating diverse learning styles.

Interactive digitized materials like interactive applications, instructional games, and multimedia presentations offer an engaging method to grab the attention of Grade 1 Pupils, whose attention spans are generally short. These resources frequently have lively graphics, animations, and sound effects that engage young students and enhance the learning experience. Because it changes the learning environment from a passive to an active one, this increase in engagement is essential for maintaining students' motivation and focus. With the help of digital resources, students can engage in activities that keep them interested by letting them make decisions, work through issues, and study ideas at their speed.

The effectiveness of interactive digitized materials in improving academic performance has been widely documented. These resources can help Grade 1 pupils strengthen fundamental abilities including writing, reading, and math. For instance, interactive e-books give students instant feedback, assisting them in understanding and fixing errors. Early learners benefit greatly from this real-time feedback since it fosters their growth in a manner that traditional textbooks are unable to. Furthermore, by using visual aids to illustrate difficult concepts, instructional movies, and simulations can improve understanding and memory. Research has indicated that pupils are more likely to retain information and have a deeper comprehension of the subject matter when they actively engage with digital content.

Every student has a unique learning style, and digitized materials provide the flexibility to cater to these differences. For instance, some Grade 1 pupils may learn best through visual stimuli, while others may excel with auditory input or hands-on experiences. Interactive digital platforms allow teachers to customize lessons to meet these needs. Visual learners benefit from animated graphics and videos, while auditory learners can use narrated stories or songs. Additionally, kinesthetic learners, who thrive on physical activity, can use touchscreen devices to manipulate objects or complete tasks. By offering a variety of learning modalities, interactive digitized materials help ensure that each pupil can learn in a way that suits their individual needs.

Additionally, digital tools enable Grade 1 pupils to take charge of their education. Features like individualized learning paths, progress tracking, and customizable difficulty levels are common in digital resources that let students work on their own. Young students are inspired to take charge of their education by this sense of autonomy, which increases their self-esteem and fosters the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.  Furthermore, a multitude of materials that go beyond the required curriculum are frequently included in digital platforms, encouraging students' curiosity and lifelong learning.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14676326

Education has always been a vital tool in shaping the future of society. In today’s fast-paced and technologically advanced world, the need for a disciplined approach to education has become more essential than ever before. The 21st century learner is faced

with an  array  of  challenges  that  require  a  focused  and  disciplined  approach to education. Pursuing education as a discipline can enable learners to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the complexities of the modern world.

One of the key benefits of pursuing education as a discipline is the development of critical thinking skills. These skills are crucial in today’s world, where information is abundant, and misinformation is prevalent. A disciplined approach to education can enable learners to develop the ability to analyze and evaluate information critically. This skill is essential in making informed decisions, whether in personal or professional life.

Another benefit of pursuing education as a discipline is the development of time- management skills. The modern world is characterized by a fast pace of life, and time is a precious commodity. A disciplined approach to education can enable learners to develop the ability to manage their time effectively. This skill is critical in achieving success in both academic success in both academic and professional pursuits.

Pursuing education as a discipline can also enable learners to develop a growth mindset. A growth mindset is a belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication. This mindset is essential in today’s world, where the pace of change is rapid, and new skills are constantly required. A disciplined approach to education can enable learners to adopt a growth mindset and embrace challenges as opportunities for growth and development.

Another benefit of pursuing education as a discipline is the development of self- discipline. Self-discipline is the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior to achieve a desired outcome. This skill is essential in today’s world, where distractions are abundant, and focus is critical. A disciplined approach to education can enable learners to develop self-discipline and establish habits that lead to success.

Furthermore, pursuing education as a discipline can enable learners to develop a sense of purpose. A sense of purpose is the belief that one’s action have meaning and contribute to a larger goal. This belief is essential in today’s world, where individuals are often overwhelmed by the complexities of life. A disciplined approach to education can enable learners to discover their passions and develop a sense of purpose that motivates them to achieve their goals.

In conclusion, pursuing education as a discipline is essential for 21st  century

learners. The benefits of a disciplined approach to education are numerous, including the development of critical thinking  skills, time-management skills, a growth-mindset, self-discipline,  a  sense  of  purpose.  These  skills  are  essential  in  navigating  the complexities  of  the  modern  world  and  achieving  success  in  both  personal  and professional pursuits.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14676483 

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of China's trade facilitation program on the corporate performance of trading companies and proposes a framework for developing a trade industry efficiency model. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, empirical research, and feedback from trade enterprises, the study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of current policies, providing insights for improving trade efficiency. Findings reveal that trade facilitation measures significantly enhance corporate operations but face challenges in regulatory coordination, technical support, and policy implementation.

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Abstrak

         Ang tesis na ito ay isang Sosyo-kultural na sipat sa elemento ng panulaan sa mga himno ng bayan sa Ikatlong Distrito ng Iloilo, batayan sa pagbuo ng modelong kontekstwalisadong Banghay Aralin. Sa pamamagitan ng kwalitatibong-deskriptibong pagsusuri, lumabas sa pananaliksik na ito kung paano sinasalamin at hinuhubog ng mga lokal na himno ang pagkakakilanlan ng kultura, mga pagpapahalagang pangkomunidad at mga salaysay na may kinalaman sa kasaysayan at lahi. Sa pagsusuri sa elemento ng panulaan, nasipat ang mga tema tulad ng: kalikasan, kasaysayan at kultura, nasyonalismo o pagmamahal sa bayan, pananampalataya sa Diyos, at pangarap at mithiin. Sa simbolismo naman, natukoy ang mga bagay tulad ng: bukid, suba, sapa, busay, tuburan, tubig, kawayan at sulo. Para naman sa tayutay, naging kapansin-pansin ang paggamit ng personipikasyon. Samantala sa elementong halagahan, lumabas ang pagpapahalaga sa pamana ng nakaraan, pagsakripisyo o pagtitiis, at pagpapahalaga sa mapayapa, matiwasay at masayang pamumuhay. Ang nabuong kontekstwalisadong banghay- aralin batay sa resulta ng pag-aaral na ito ay magiging huwaran sa pagpapatupad at pagpapahusay ng Matatag Kurikulum sa pamamagitan ng pagtuturong tumutugon sa sosyo- kultural at konteksto ng mga mag-aaral.

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Jesus is my Savior, the cornerstone of my faith and hope. Through His sacrifice on the cross, He bore my sins, granting me forgiveness and eternal life. His unconditional love and grace remind me daily of His presence, guiding me through life's trials. Jesus brings peace, joy, and purpose, offering comfort when the world feels overwhelming. He is my source of strength, my refuge in times of need. Through prayer and His teachings, I find wisdom and direction. Jesus’ resurrection assures me of victory over sin and death. With Him, I am renewed, redeemed, and forever secure in His love.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14716186 

Abstrak

Ang tesis na ito ay naglalayong maisiwalat ang Tematikong Sipat sa mga piling akda ni Peter Solis Nery na tumalakay sa pagsusuring Queer, batayan sa pagbuo ng modelong pagsusuri sa Pagtuturo ng Teoryang Queer. Sa pamamagitan ng kwalitatibong-diskriptibong palarawang pagsusuri,lumabas sa pananaliksik ang mga karanasan, pakikibaka, at angkop na represenstasyon sa tunay na nagaganap sa mga kasapi ng LGBTQ+ community. Ang pananaliksik ay nakatuon sa pagsuri ng mga temang inilahad ni Nery sa kanyang mga akda, tulad ng diskriminasyon, hamon, isyung pangkalusugan, kaligayahan, kalungkutan, pag-aalala at pag-aalinlangan, pag-ibig at relasyon, pagkamulat, at pakikisalamuha. Sa pagsusuri, natukoy ang mga iba’t ibang sitwasyon mula sa mga akda, binigyan ng malinaw na analisis at pinagsanib ang mga pahayag na napabilang sa iisang tema. Ang nabuong kontekstwalisadong banghay-aralin batay sa resulta ng pag-aaral na ito ay magiging modelo sa pagpapatupad at pagpapahusay ng Matatag Kurikulum sa pamamagitan ng pagtuturong tumutugon sa Tematikong Sipat gamit ang Pagsusuring Queer na naglalayong mabigay ng mas malalim na pag-unawa at pagnilay sa mga mag-aaral sa mga iba’t ibang akda pampanitikan.

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Abstrak

                     Ang Type 1 Debelopmental na pag-aaral na ito ay isinagawa upang makabuo ng isang glosaryo mula sa mga terminolohiyang pangkabuhayan sa bayan ng Lambunao sa larang ng pagsasaka, paggawa ng palayok, at handicraft. Ginamit ang Input-Process-Output (IPO Model) bilang metodo ng pag-aaral. Ang instrumentong ginamit sa pag-aaral na ito ay iskedyul na interbyu na ginawa ng mananaliksik at isinakatuparan sa pamamagitan ng Focus Group Discussion o FGD. Pinili ang kalahok sa pag-aaral na ito gamit ang purposive sampling. Ang mga kalahok ay 15 na binubuo ng limang magsasaka, limang gumagawa ng palayok at limang gumagawa ng handicrafts na pawang nakatira sa bayan ng Lambunao. Ang Glosaryong nabuo ay nalikom na mga terminolohiya ay binigyang kahulugan at ginamit sa pangungusap sa Wikang Hiligaynon at Filipino ang 129 mula sa Pagsasaka, 49 mula sa Paggawa ng Palayok at 114 sa paggawa ng Handicrafts.  Inaasahan na ang paggamit ng glosaryo bilang bahagi ng pagtuturo ay makatutulong na mapadali ang pag-unawa at maging batayan sa pagbuo ng mas malawak na materyales na pagpapaliwanag ng mga konsepto sa terminong pangkabuhayan.

Susing Salita: Glosaryo, Pangangalap, Pagsasalin, Terminolohiya, Wikang Filipino

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Special Needs Education (SNE) seeks to ensure fair learning opportunities for students with diverse requirements, including cognitive, emotional, physical, and learning disabilities. Special education teachers are central to this effort, adapting their teaching methods to meet individual student needs. However, they often encounter challenges such as varied classroom demands, insufficient resources, and emotional stress, underscoring the importance of institutional support.

School support is crucial in improving the effectiveness of SNE teachers and fostering inclusive learning environments. Key forms of support include professional development programs, access to specialized tools and resources, collaboration among educators, and strong administrative assistance. Research demonstrates that teachers who receive adequate support are more effective, report greater job satisfaction, and can better address the needs of diverse learners. Furthermore, schools can contribute to a fairer education system by advocating for policies and funding that promote equity and inclusion for students with disabilities.

While the importance of school support is widely recognized, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how specific types of support influence the performance of SNE teachers. This study aims to fill these gaps by examining the most beneficial forms of support and their impact on teaching. The findings will guide policymakers and educators in enhancing support systems to improve teacher and student outcomes.

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To lead the life tracks of the students to somewhere with great magnitude and the right direction, teaching is the most effective map and compass to use. The weapon of every teacher is their strong will to impart knowledge to the students. Truly teaching is one of the noblest professions. But besides that, teaching is one of the tiring yet most rewarding professions. While it certainly offers a sense of fulfillment, the job itself is demanding and can be exhausting, to be honest. This is what it's like to be a teacher: a unique and challenging experience. It's a tiring yet fulfilling job.

The tiring realities of being a teacher they face every day, every lesson, every semester, and every school year are too many to mention. The morning starts with thinking about how to carry out lessons on different subjects and of diverse students throughout the day and ends with thinking about the next day.

Teachers often work beyond the typical school day, not minding sleeping late sometimes to prepare lessons, dedicating evenings and even weekends to lesson planning, grading papers, and communicating with parents.

Dealing with the diverse needs and behaviors of students can be emotionally draining. Classroom management, employing varied strategies to meet their needs, resolving conflicts and behavioral issues, and observing student struggles, can be extremely exhausting.

The loaded paperwork was given to teachers, urgent reports, and other out-of-school activities. Additionally, many teachers work with limited resources, forcing them to be creative and resourceful in finding ways to provide quality education.

Those exhausting realities comes with great reward. There is no greater reward than witnessing students learn, mature, and become self-assured individuals. It is satisfying to know that you’ve influenced young people's thinking and helped create the next generation. It’s fulfilling to establish a connection with pupils, build lasting connections, and positively impact their lives.

The thank you's from them, the grateful remarks from students every day, and every year. Their praises, letters of appreciation, and remembering your remarkable impacts even after years have passed. The sudden message, and the greetings every teacher day, birthdays, and holidays. These melts the heart of every teacher. It’s fascinating to know that teachers pushed students to be the best version of themselves and to receive the highest possible award that they can achieve.

The life of a teacher is truly a complex tapestry of challenges and rewards. It demands a lot of dedication, resilience, and a genuine passion for education. While the path may be demanding, the profound sense of fulfillment that comes from making a difference in the lives of young people makes it a rewarding profession.

At the end of each lesson, at the end of each day, at the end of each semester, and the end of every school year, only one thing that matters: the reward of being able to help your students be the best  they can be.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14744157 

Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill that serves as the cornerstone of academic success and lifelong learning. In an increasingly complex world, the ability to understand and interpret written material is essential for students of all ages. Schools play a crucial role in fostering this skill, and effective strategies must be implemented to enhance reading comprehension among students. This essay explores various methods that educators can adopt to develop reading comprehension in schools.

First and foremost, it is imperative to establish a strong foundation in phonics and vocabulary. Phonics instruction helps students understand the relationship between letters and sounds, enabling them to decode words effectively. A solid grasp of phonics not only improves word recognition but also boosts confidence in reading. Furthermore, vocabulary development is essential for comprehension. Educators should incorporate explicit vocabulary instruction, teaching students the meanings of words in context. Activities such as word maps, flashcards, and engaging discussions about new vocabulary can significantly enhance students' understanding and retention of words.

In addition to phonics and vocabulary, promoting active reading strategies is vital for comprehension. Active reading involves engaging with the text through questioning, summarizing, and predicting. Teachers can model these strategies in the classroom, demonstrating how to ask questions about the text, summarize key points, and make predictions about what might happen next. Encouraging students to annotate texts—by highlighting important information or writing notes in the margins—can also foster a deeper engagement with the material. By teaching students to be active participants in their reading, educators can help them develop critical thinking skills that are essential for understanding complex texts.

Moreover, integrating a variety of reading materials can enrich students' comprehension experiences. Exposure to diverse genres, including fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and informational texts, allows students to practice different reading strategies and adapt their comprehension skills to various contexts. For instance, reading a scientific article requires different skills than reading a novel. By providing a broad range of reading materials, educators can cater to different interests and learning styles, making reading more enjoyable and relevant for students.

Incorporating technology into reading instruction can also enhance comprehension. Digital tools such as e-books, interactive reading apps, and online discussion forums can provide students with engaging platforms to practice their reading skills. These tools often offer features such as adjustable text sizes, built-in dictionaries, and audio support, which can accommodate diverse learners. Additionally, technology can facilitate collaborative learning experiences, allowing students to discuss texts and share insights in real time, further deepening their understanding.

Furthermore, fostering a positive reading environment is crucial for developing comprehension skills. Schools should promote a culture of reading by creating inviting spaces filled with diverse reading materials. Organizing reading challenges, book clubs, and author visits can inspire students to explore literature beyond the classroom. When students perceive reading as a rewarding and enjoyable activity, they are more likely to engage with texts and develop their comprehension skills.

In conclusion, developing reading comprehension in schools is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a strategic approach. By focusing on phonics and vocabulary, promoting active reading strategies, integrating diverse materials, leveraging technology, and fostering a positive reading environment, educators can significantly enhance students' comprehension skills. As students become proficient readers, they not only excel academically but also develop a lifelong love for reading, equipping them with the tools necessary to navigate an ever-changing world. Investing in reading comprehension is, therefore, an investment in students' futures.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14744670 

ABSTRACT

Since the Copenhagen Conference, concepts of environmental protection, green and low-carbon have been proposed around the world. The rise of low-carbon logistics is attributed to the low-carbon revolution and the official advocacy for green environmental protection at the Copenhagen Environmental Conference. With the increasingly serious climate problem, the "low-carbon revolution" of globalization is emerging, and humanity will enter a new low-carbon era based on "low energy consumption, low pollution, and low emissions". Low carbon is a responsibility that enterprises should shoulder and also a new development opportunity. Low carbon is beneficial for enterprises to reduce energy consumption, improve economic efficiency, and enhance influence. Low carbon logistics is an important manifestation of enterprises pursuing low-carbon development, and enterprises are also making efforts to solve the problems of low-carbon logistics development.

This article is based on the analysis of low-carbon logistics decision-making in a fuzzy environment. The first part provides a basic introduction, including research background, theoretical and conceptual framework, problem description, research significance, scope and boundary of the research, definition of terminology, etc. The second part is methodology, including research design, research location, samples and sampling procedures, research tools, data collection process, data processing, and ethical considerations. The third part is the results and analysis, using fuzzy AHP method and fuzzy triangle TOPSIS method are used to analyze the data, obtain decision results, and analyze them. The fourth part is the conclusion, including a summary of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

The research results of this article can provide a certain basis for enterprises to choose low-carbon logistics service providers, and have important theoretical and practical significance for strengthening the low-carbon development strategy of enterprises.

Keywords: Low-carbon Logistics, Decision-making,  Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy Triangle TOPSIS

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INTRODUCTION

Wushu sports has been a famous sports in China nowadays. It has been drawing a lot of enrollees in different sports universities that offers Wushu as a program. To many this has brought them so much self-confidence and competitiveness. Self-confidence is a pivotal psychological factor influencing competitive success in athletics, including Chinese Wushu. Known for its intricate techniques and mental demands, Wushu requires athletes to maintain a high level of self-assurance to excel in competitions.

Self-confidence plays a significant role in athletic performance by affecting motivation, focus, and stress management. According to Yang and Zhang (2022), athletes with higher self-confidence in Chinese Wushu are better equipped to handle the pressures of competition. They tend to exhibit more determination and persistence during training and competition, leading to improved performance outcomes. This enhanced self-assurance allows them to execute complex techniques with greater precision and resilience.

Mental preparation, including the use of visualization and mental imagery, is crucial for athletes. Liu and He (2023) found that Chinese Wushu practitioners with high self-confidence effectively use mental imagery to rehearse their performances. This cognitive technique helps athletes anticipate challenges and refine their routines, which translates into better performance during competitions. Self-confidence, therefore, enhances the ability to mentally prepare and adapt strategies in high-pressure situations.

Managing competitive stress and anxiety is another area where self-confidence proves beneficial. Research by Ivanova and Petrov (2021) highlights that athletes who are confident in their abilities are more adept at managing competition-related stress. They are less likely to be overwhelmed by external pressures and can maintain focus on their performance. This stress management capability contributes significantly to their success in competitive settings.

Self-confidence also influences team dynamics in team-based Wushu events. According to Yekimov and Kuznetsova (2024), athletes with high self-confidence foster better team cohesion and cooperation. Confident athletes are more likely to support their teammates and work collaboratively towards common goals, which enhances overall team performance. This positive team environment can be a critical factor in achieving success in team competitions.

Similar findings have been observed in martial arts. For example, Cherepanov and Orlov (2023) studied self-confidence among martial artists and found that athletes with high self-confidence consistently performed better in competitions. This research supports the notion that self-confidence is a universal determinant of competitive success across different martial arts disciplines.

The development of self-confidence is influenced by effective coaching practices and supportive training environments. Huang and Liu (2022) argue that coaches who provide positive reinforcement and constructive feedback play a crucial role in building athletes' self-esteem. By creating an environment where athletes feel valued and capable, coaches help foster the self-confidence necessary for competitive success.

Psychological training programs aimed at enhancing self-confidence have also been shown to be effective. Research by Novak and Dimitrov (2024) demonstrates that structured psychological interventions, such as goal setting and self-talk, significantly boost athletes' self-confidence. These programs help athletes develop and maintain the mental fortitude required for high-level competition.

Balancing self-confidence with realistic self-assessment is essential for sustained success. Overconfidence can lead to complacency, which undermines performance. As noted by Skorokhod and Ponomarev (2023), maintaining a realistic view of one's abilities while nurturing self-confidence is critical for achieving long-term success in competitive settings. Athletes need to be aware of both their strengths and areas for improvement to stay competitive.

Self-confidence is a vital component of competitive success in Chinese Wushu. It influences various aspects of performance, including mental preparation, stress management, and team dynamics. Research underscores the importance of self-confidence in enhancing athletic performance. By fostering a balance between self-confidence and realistic self-assessment, athletes can achieve greater success in their competitive endeavors. 

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Allow me to unfold the land of my origin, the Philippines. Over the past years, the Philippine government has been fast-tracking its effort to bring down the poverty incidence in the country by 2016 from 25% to at least 18%. In a greater sense, more than 26 million Filipinos remain poor, with almost half, or gradually 12 million, living in extreme poverty or lacking the means to feed themselves, according to official Philippine government statistics for the first semester of 2015. Hence, the country's poverty incidence for the year 2015 has declined to 21.6 percent from 25.2 percent in 2012. It resulted in the warm upshot of the Human Development Report in the present year of 2016 up to 2017 and indicating that the Philippines is one of the few countries (48 out of 188) where the improvement of the HDI was faster between 2000 and 2015 than it was between 1990 and 2000.

This shocking scenario paved the way for our Philippine government to further dig into the quality of statistics in the country as one of the effective solutions to permanently eradicate the baggage of hindrances to the country's success. There is no doubt that at present a web of enumerable pressing concerns continues to shoot offspring as the booming population ushers problems in many sectors of the Philippines, such as victims of calamities and disasters, including peasants and artisanal fisher folks, an established health care system, threats from the mining industry in our fertile valleys and clear waters, low-scale wagers in the formal and informal sectors, challenges in education, and distorting the balance of supply and demand. These collectively dent the core of our republic. Hence, it is with great regard that men and women of our country seek means to find aid to amend these communicable illnesses and difficulties, affecting all components no matter what portion of the societal pyramid we belong to. recognizing the fact that we are all intertwined with one another, making us all involved.

Thus, we can't deny the fact that these are the dark realities carved into our society. Poverty: taking its reign as the most undisputed dilemma of one's country It pains me to see the suffering of the children who are unable to eat three times a day or even more. It pains me to see how their eyes reflect the agony they are feeling. Poverty is not just something that can be solved in the easiest ways we know. In fact, we need an essential component that will help us find our way out of this labyrinth of difficulty. Yes, my fellow men. Indeed, we need to be awakened and seek a possible way out of this tough warren. Still, the UN Millennium Declaration covering the years 2000–2015 couldn’t attain the main target in the Human Development Index (HDI) rate despite its improvement.

To further expound, the General Assembly in September 2015 adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), composed of 17 objectives. Anchoring the principle of "no one left behind," this shows that the agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for all. The UNDP is visualizing a deep promise for every Juan. Perhaps the SGD explicitly includes the physically challenged and adversity on the part of poverty, education, and growth. In addition to that, it visions transforming the world. Allow me to emphasize the first three (3) major goals: Goal #1: No Poverty. The first goal embraces the vision of ending poverty in all its forms everywhere. The first three targets of the goal focus on the year 2030, when all forms of extreme poverty must be eradicated. Reducing at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all dimensions. Truly, there is a strong reciprocal link between poverty and disability, for these are the main sources of the nation's disability.

Goal #2: Zero Hunger

The second goal is to permanently end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. As well as to double the agricultural productivity and income of small-scale food producers. By at least 70% from 52%, it is beyond doubt and very evident that zero hunger is always braided with disability.

Goal #3: Good Health and Well-Being. The third goal aims to be fully inclusive of people with disabilities. To reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. By 2030, we must end the preventable deaths of newborns and children under five (5) years of age. Lastly, to end the epidemic of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases, we are certain to attain good health and well-being if we overcome the disability from within.

Alllow me to share with you a tear-jerking documentary about Kara David. "The Children of Pugad Lawin." On June 26, 2005, Kara David chose to witness the affliction of malnourished children in Camarines Norte. As I was watching the video, I realized that this was perhaps the hardest documentary I have ever witnessed—the miserable compassion of Angela and Jeremy.

They're two of the many children of Mercedes, Camarines Norte, who were struggling to survive, helplessly in need of potable water, and silently shouting out of hunger. In early 2014, Kara David followed up on the condition of Angela and Jeremy. However, Kara David was shocked by the shocking news that Angela and Jeremy had died due to severe malnutrition. The lungs caved in, the heart stopped, and the whole body finally gave in. In nine years, she was futile and shuttered to witness the same terrifying situation: poverty.

How many similar stories do we need to hear like this miserable condition of excruciating poverty to see the unraveling truth?

I hope this has left a trace in your benevolent heart and that "I" now see the truth. I may say that our actions must start from within.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14759303 

ABSTRACT

Coffee price prediction has always been a challenging task due to the dynamic nature of financial markets, industry and the presence of numerous influencing factors. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have emerged as powerful tools for forecasting products, commodities and coffee prices, offering the potential to capture complex patterns and relationships within historical data. This study utilized ANNs to predict coffee prices in the context of local markets. that would help one discover the future value of a venture, and other financial assets traded on the market. The study analyzed price data and uncovered opportunities. Using a neural network, the study made a trade decision based on thoroughly examined data. Price prediction using Neural network with back propagation algorithm was used due to have the ability to perform activities based on past data, where the data of the past studied to have the ability to give a decision on the data that were studied. The accurate prediction of share price movement led to more profit investors could make. The study had entire idea of predicting coffee prices to gain significant profits using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm.

Keywords:  Artificial Neural Networks, Coffee, Financial markets, Price prediction

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Ang halaga sa pagitan ng mga panitikang panrehiyon at pambansa ay hindi nararapat pagtalunan bilang kanon ng panitikang Filipino.

Ang mga panitikang panrehiyon at pambansa ay parehong mahuhusay at makabuluhang mga akdang Filipino bilang isa sa mga yaman ng panitikang Pilipino. Kung kaya, nararapat lamang na makatanggap sila ng pantay na suporta at pagtrato. Ang bawat akdang Filipino ay parehong mahalagang mapabilang at mapag-aralan sa sistema ng edukasyon upang hindi ito magiging repleksyon ng diskriminasyon.

Sa kasalukuyang kanon ng panitikang Filipino, ang mga kilala na ay sila na lang ang karaniwang patuloy na nagpapakilala, nakikilala, at ipinakikilala. Isa sa mga salik kung bakit nahihirapang makasabay ang mga panitikang panrehiyon sa mga panitikang pambansa ay bunga ng patuloy na pag-arangkada ng mga pangalang kilala na sa pagsusulat ng mga akda na ang mga pangunahing paksa ay pambansa na siya na ring dahilan kung bakit patuloy rin silang nagpapakilala, nakikilala at ipinakikilala.

Dahil sa kalagayang ito ng panitikang Filipino, personal kong iminumungkahi ang sumusunod na magiging dagdag na kanon sa kontemporayong panitikang Filipino:

Una, patuloy na pahalagahan ang lahat ng mga akdang Filipino ito man ay panrehiyon o pambansa;

Pangalawa, bigyan ng pantay na halaga ang parehong mga akdang panrehiyon at pambansa; 

Pangatlo, patuloy na pagtibayin at palakasin sa sistema ng edukasyon ang pag-aaral sa mga akdang pampanitikang Filipino, panrehiyon at pambansa; 

Pang-apat, sa kasalukuyang kalagayan ng panitikang Filipino, upang makasabay ang mga akdang panrehiyon sa mga akdang pambansa ay patuloy itong kalapin sa iba’t ibang rehiyon ng bansa, isalin sa wikang Filipino ngunit panatilihin at ipreserba ang kalikasan ng pagkakabuo at pagkakasulat nito sa orihinal batay sa pinanggalingan nitong wika at kultura, at palakasin ang pagpapabilang nito sa mga akdang babasahin lalo na sa mga aklat na gagamitin sa mga paaralan;

Pang-apat at panghuli, suportahan, palakasin, at kilalanin ang mga manunulat na tumatalakay sa mga akdang panrehiyon na siyang mas lalo pang magpapayaman sa literaturang Filipino.  

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14760702 

Abstract Title: Emerging Trends and Opportunities: Utilization of Digital Technology

Researcher: Merly Dalisay-Quiao

Institution: Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, Inc.

Contact Number: +639060937088

Email Address: merlyquiao@gmail.com

This research work was pursued to gain insights on the availability and level of utilization of digital technology as well as its perceived effects to learning among Association of Private Schools, Colleges and Universities (APSCU) member schools of Metro San Carlos, San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The selected respondents are teachers handling the English subjects in elementary particularly Grades 4, 5 and 6. A self-made, duly validated and tested questionnaire was used to gather the needed data. Focused group discussions were conducted to verify the data and gather additional information regarding the use and effect of digital technology to the teaching and learning of English. The profile of respondents were initially analyzed and manifested that the teacher-respondents are digital natives and were trained in the use of digital technology. The teachers used digital tools and digital technologies in the classroom with a weighted mean of 4.09 indicating that technologies and tools are utilized. There was a very good effect to perceived learning when digital technologies are used in teaching. Several barriers are likewise identified and 67% of teacher-respondents acknowledged the lack of digital resource in the classroom as most common in the integration of digital technology in the classroom. These quantitative results are further verified from the focused group discussions. Significant information was opined from the discussions particularly the effects of digital technology to values formation and character building. It was concluded that there was neither a clear distinction of the digital tools and technologies nor identification of the acceptable tools or technologies that must be used in the classrooms particularly in teaching English, no identified tasks, identified lessons and identified assessment criterion in the use of digital technology in teaching. The identified barriers along resource-institution barrier, teacher factor barrier and student barrier were concluded as impediments in the successful integration of digital technology in the current educational practices of Association of Private Schools, Colleges and Universities (APSCU) member schools in Metro San Carlos. For APSCU Metro San Carlos City Chapter to provide written specific policies regarding the integration of digital technology in teaching as well as the adoption of the proposed Digital Technology Framework was therefore recommended.

Keywords: utilization, digital technology, resource-institution barrier, teacher- factor barrier, student barrier

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14768669 

ABSTRACT

The K-12 Basic Education Program implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) aims to equip Filipino learners with the skills needed for higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship. However, in the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand, there is no standardized research format that aligns with the practical needs of business learners. This gap poses challenges in effectively teaching Practical Research I, a subject that requires learners to develop critical thinking and research skills relevant to their field. This study aimed to address this issue by (1) determining whether a specific research format is used in teaching Practical Research I for ABM learners, (2) evaluating the relevance of existing formats, (3) developing a Market Research Format tailored to ABM learners' needs, and (4) assessing its acceptability based on the criteria of objectives, content, usefulness, and suitability. The study employed a descriptive-developmental research design involving nine (9) ABM master teachers from eight (8) schools in Pangasinan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 66.67% of respondents reported no specific research format for teaching Practical Research I to ABM learners. The proposed Market Research Format was rated “Very Acceptable” across all criteria, with scores of 4.00 for objectives and suitability, and 3.89 for content and usefulness. The study concludes that the Market Research Format is a relevant and practical tool for teaching Practical Research I, providing a structured approach that enhances ABM learners' research competencies and prepares them for business-related careers.

Keywords: ABM Learners, business research competencies, K-12 Education Program, Market Research Format, Practical Research I

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Hidden disabilities, sometimes referred to as invisible disabilities, continue to be a poorly understood and under-discussed topic in a society that frequently places a higher priority on apparent health difficulties. Others may not immediately see these difficulties, which include mental health illnesses, learning challenges, rare diseases, and more. As a result, people who have these disorders often struggle with social stigma, miscommunication, and a lack of support in addition to managing their health.

Distinct from physical disabilities, which could necessitate the utilization of mobility aids like wheelchairs or prosthetics, hidden disabilities are internal conditions that impact a person's ability to operate physically, cognitively, or emotionally. These impairments could be brought on by neurological conditions, long-term illnesses, or mental health conditions including depression or anxiety. Some people with hidden disabilities may seem healthy on the outside, which makes others ignore their difficulties or even doubt the validity of their conditions.

For instance, a person with chronic fatigue syndrome could seem fine to an observer, but on the inside, they might be exhausted and find that resting does not help. In a similar vein, a person with a learning disability might have trouble processing information or finishing tasks like their peers, although others may not notice this problem. Since individuals with hidden challenges find it harder to advocate for themselves or ask for assistance from others, the invisibility of these conditions sometimes results in feelings of frustration and loneliness.

One of the biggest issues facing people with concealed impairments is the stigma associated with these conditions. People whose hardships are not immediately apparent are frequently ignored or dismissed by society, which favors outward signs of achievement and good health. This may result in preconceived notions and negative assessments of people with concealed disability. When someone with anxiety is unable to function in a particular social or professional context, for example, even though their anxiety is keeping them from doing so, they may be perceived as nonchalant or unmotivated.

Lack of awareness can also show itself in the workplace, where workers with concealed impairments may feel under pressure to hide their conditions out of fear of prejudice or condemnation. A lot of people with hidden disabilities feel guilty or ashamed about not being able to live up to society's standards, which can cause discomfort or make them reluctant to ask for help.

Creating a more accepting and helpful society requires increasing awareness of hidden disability. Educating the society is the first step in eliminating stigma. People can become more tolerant and empathetic toward those who suffer from invisible conditions after learning about the difficulties they experience. It is also critical that people realize that having a hidden limitation does not imply weakness or incapacity; rather, it emphasizes the necessity of accommodations and flexibility in a variety of spheres of life, including the workplace and educational institutions.

It is necessary to build niches where people can freely express their experiences and appeal for choices. For instance, companies can put in place rules that help workers with hidden disability, such as remote work choices or flexible work schedules. By providing specialized learning tools for students with mental health or learning impairments, schools can foster an inclusive environment. Regardless of how visible their impairment is, the objective should be to give them the resources and assistance they require to succeed.

Hidden disabilities are a reminder that the challenges people face are not always visible to the naked eye. Even though these illnesses might not be immediately evident, they have a significant impact on people's lives. Through increasing consciousness, cultivating compassion, and providing assistance, society may guarantee that people with hidden disabilities are acknowledged and appreciated. It is the time to put aside trivial criticisms and build a society in which everyone, with or without a disability, may lead a happy and purposeful life.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14776315 

ABSTRACT 

Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tiktok, and Viber  are very in demand among students nowadays in which they are more connected than  ever before. Aside from communication, these platforms are very important in this  technological world since they are being utilized in terms of enhancing the teaching and  learning process, whether synchronous or asynchronous classroom setting. Media  technology has refined the creation of literature pieces and has helped establish literary  work for easier access to all who need it particularly those students who use literary  works to enhance their learning capabilities in English literature. 

The study determined the level of difficulties in the English literature learning of  Senior High School students of Tabuk Institute (TI) and St. Tonis College, Incorporated  (STCI). It also determined the positive and negative effects of social media platforms on  the English literature knowledge of Senior High School students including the student’s  preferences on the teaching strategies in English literature class using social media  platforms. 

The study used the descriptive-survey research method. Slovin’s formula was  used to determine the limitation of the respondents of the study. The researchers used the questionnaire as the main tool for gathering the data needed for the study. 

In contrast to student-related challenges, which are the least difficult, literary  text-related challenges are more difficult. The students agree that social media  platforms have positive effects on learning, but they also acknowledge that they have  negative implications on learning literature. As to the findings, students' preferences  for the social networking applications they use to study English literature rely  differently on their sex, with Facebook and Messenger being the most preferred.  Meanwhile, the Moral Philosophical (MP) approach had been identified as the most  preferred strategy for teaching literature on social media. Both educators and  students should evaluate how they use social media to learn about literature. They  should also consider if social media platforms are appropriate as well as effective in  developing rapport within the teaching and learning process of English literature. 

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