All of us should be grateful for the education that we are now receiving. Educational leadership and management allow students to walk freely on their chosen paths towards their success. However, education was never meant to be easy and achievable. There were a lot of challenges, and the educational system back then was not as democratic as it is now. We must be eternally grateful that in our time now, education is for everyone who has the courage, determination, and passion to level up their growth and development. In this article, may we be reminded that there were people who served as a pioneer and leaders in education and one of them is the respectable John Dewey?

His name will be forever marked in the history of education because his leadership and vision seemed to impact the world of education. John Dewey was considered the most significant educational thinker of his era and, many would argue, of the 20th century. He was an American philosopher and educator who was most known for his leadership in the progressive movement in education in the United States.

His stand-in democracy mostly affected the educational system. This is because, in his time, the earlier models of teaching mostly relied on authoritarianism and rote learning, progressive education asserted that students must be invested in what they were learning. But he argued that education must not be done in that way, instead, Dewey's concept of education implies the meaningful activity in learning and participation in classroom democracy. This means that for a student to develop skills, it must be interactive and a collaboration between the teachers. Moreover, he saw learning by doing and the development of practical life skills as crucial to children's education. This movement of his divided the side of other educators because they argued that students would fail to acquire basic academic skills and knowledge under his system. But his stand was firm that the central ethical imperative in education was democracy.

Dewey's leadership in education is one of the best examples of being an effective leader. His stand on what he believes is right is commendable and showed the influence of being a leader. May his story remind every school leader to stand up for what they think is good for the development of their school and take action on the weaknesses their school has to ensure quality education for the students.

Educational institutions serve as training grounds for students. A school is the best place to go if you want to elevate your skills, knowledge, and personality. Millions of lives enter school with almost nothing and leave a certain school with enough knowledge, excellent qualities, and a good personality. The educational institution has changed the lives of millions of people. Behind all of this story is their diverse experience in conquering all the challenges they encountered inside the school. More than that, they have a mentor who is with them throughout their training grounds. A mentor that never leaves them until they are ready enough to face alone the larger battlefield. The mentor equipped them with enough hints on how to play and survive with the game they enter. Additionally, mentors serve as a source of enlightenment for dreamers, particularly when they are on the verge of giving up.

However, these mentors also need to be well maintained to sustain the production of professionals in the country. Aside from the government, school leaders have the duty of mandating and ensuring that the necessities of teachers together with the students are well supplemented. Like students, teachers also need assistance and enlightenment. No worries because school leaders are always available for their service. Here are the factors that school leaders work on to prevent losing their mentors.

Ø  AUXILLIARY TENSION

Aside from teaching, teachers also serve as a counselor if their students need advice. A second mother to their students that brings enlightenment to them. Teachers' eventual departure will exceed the benefits of fulfilling these tasks, wise school leaders understand. Act as a role reduction rather than a role enforcer.

The school leaders help the teachers in accomplishing their bundles of tasks. Instead of just assigning a task to them and evaluating the effectiveness, they engage themselves in the execution for lighter, easier, and effective outcomes.

Ø  ASSISTANCE FOR PROVIDING MENTORSHIP

Many school leaders and districts start a mentorship program without thinking about how to make it work. A perfect concept will remain useless without executing it effectively. School leaders usually provide memos and conduct programs for effecting teaching. However, common mistakes are they become an audience of their plan after conceptualizing it. An effective leader will finish the tasks until the last outline.

Moreover, school leaders must create a clear path for mentorship to lessen the heavy loads of the teachers. They supplement adequate resources, time, and effort to provide caliber education. More than a boss they are also an assistant to the teachers.

Ø  STANDARD MEASURES

Effective leaders recognize that putting extra pressure on themselves without a clear goal in mind will only lead to more stress and burnout. Instead of complaining, the school leaders should start resolving their issues and duties. Any policy that has a strong, clear, and related purpose can be successful. Teachers' dissatisfaction is significantly linked to the emphasis on test performance. Moreover, losing teachers is tantamount to losing a large number of dreamers.

Ø  ABSENCE OF AUTHORITY

School leaders observe the actions of the teachers; However, it does not guarantee that they need to limit what teachers can do for their students. Teachers want to be in charge of how they carry out their responsibilities. When instructors believe they have little control, they may believe they are unable to do what is best for their students, they may feel abandoned and burned out due to a loss of autonomy and a sense of violating their values. Educational leaders motivate their teachers to unleash their full potential.

Fulfilling this role will greatly benefit the mentorship aspect in school. More teachers, more dreamers, more success.

No matter where you go and no matter where you are, they say that education is your most important tool in life. This is because of many reasons. It helps us with many things be it with life, with career, with future, and with happiness. Furthermore, the real purpose of education differentiates us from other living beings on earth for education holds what and who are we as human beings. With that, it makes a person the smartest creature on earth as we are the only being granted the ability to expand our knowledge and use it as we like. Importantly, education is what empowers individuals and gets them ready to face the challenges of life efficiently.

Although awareness in education must be spread through the country to make education accessible and for everyone, it is not easy as it seems. Every day or every school year there are still people who can not go to school due to different reasons. Especially in the midst of a pandemic, education seemed impossible for others. While some took a gap year because of online classes, let us put our shoes on those who cannot continue their education because of poverty. Only when people realize what significance it holds, can they consider it a necessity for a good life.

What makes education so important in one's life? The most basic answer is that it is the key to a better future. It is responsible for providing with an enhanced lifestyle because it gives tons of career opportunities that can increase the quality of life. But what most do not know is that education aside from it giving success plays a huge role in uplifting the economy of the country and helping those in the weaker section. Being educated in your country is an achievement and is the most significant piece to change the world for the better. Having the chance to be educated, lessens the illiterate people who suffer the hardships of discrimination, untouchability, and injustice prevailing in the society. With that, if all people can be united and with the help of education, the weaker section can improve their quality of life.

Not everyone is privileged to be educated. There are internal and external factors in life wherein others are not as lucky as any other individual. Let it stay in our hearts and minds that even though we are given the opportunity to be educated, let us not use it to belittle other people. Instead. Let us use what we learned to empower others and help them gain education as well. In the end, sharing is caring, and being kind and compassionate is what makes us truly educated people.

The child of today is the wealth of tomorrow.  It is them who will be the creators and molders of a nation's tomorrow. Those who are toddlers and babies today will be the adults of tomorrow. They are tomorrow's leaders and activists. Their quality and personality will determine what kind of destiny will this world hold. However, their destiny lies in how they will be brought up in this hard and challenging world.

The youth of today serves as a powerhouse to better improve the life that we have now, it may sound so cliché but how they perform now will reflect the outcome of the future. It may sound wrong to directly pass the responsibility of the adults to children, but if adults would not do that, there can be a lot of difficulties to occur. Therefore, children must have adults responsible for them to mold them while they are just shapeless individuals.

These crying and clueless children of today will have a boundless and endless store of energy, will, capability, dream, passion, zeal, enthusiasm, and have the power to mold the destiny of the nation. All people experienced being a child. It is fun and memorable because you get to experience a lot of things without minding the surrounding. Being a child means that you get to be spoiled and cry when you want to. You do not need to act tough and strong just because you are you. Being a child is a fast memory and while we grow up, these memories will slowly fade away and give way to a more mature version of you. Hence, childhood should be experienced by all children of today. The time will always come for everyone hence rushing will not do anything good for everyone. This reminds everyone that adults should stay and act as one while children being children should continue to act like happy individuals.

Little by little, just like how babies take their first step, children should be guided with patience and dedication. How we guide them will surely bloom into a colorful and bright flower that can help beautify this never-ending world. Even though the world is continuously and fast-changing, the fact that children will be the future of the world remains unchanged that is why training, guidance, and the ability to grow in the desired environment will impact them big time. Our creator gave us two hands and a mind that impacts others. So let us use them to carve the future of our leaders.

Principals often undergo a series of trainings and seminars. Their life will never be complete without training. Of course, trainings are vital to their role as a principal because it carves them to be more goal oriented and visionary. Principals do not just fall under the sky; they are raised shapeless and needed to be molded. Having a dynamic and excellent leadership derives from a combination of the right personal qualities and the right leadership training. As a result, these leadership trainings allow schools to nurture and cultivate the principals who play as motivators and big thinkers that will carry the school into the future. 

The effects of being a trained leader shows when it comes to productivity, retaining employees and giving them the best opportunities, improve decision making when it comes to opening possibilities in growth and development of the school, implementing the best managing style, and of course it leads to succession.

In this article, let us break down possible topis that are essential for school leaders who are trying to build up their career and improve their style. Also, these topics can also be for anyone who aspire to level up their position and aim for a higher one. First, topics like empowerment can play an important role in the school organization. Understanding and knowing when to delegate, and then standing by your delegation, as well as supporting is one of the most critical leadership training topics that can be applied in schools. Moreover, defining and clearly communicating tasks using the right method and proper explanation, choosing the right management or team, agreeing on objectives and goals, setting deadlines, and supporting the team’s work is a topic that every starter can relate to.

No leader wants to be called bossy hence knowing these basic can lead to an organization that is healthy and responsive. In addition, encouraging a peer-to-peer training can fill the gaps between the principals and its staff. It clearly increases efficiency and confidence, it creates an internal knowledge base, and it fosters institutional memory. Lastly, because of this pandemic, webinars are most used, and it is difficult for leaders to conduct a meeting that is clear because barriers like connection and devices can be a hindrance. But occasionally, it is not bad to design leadership training modules and update unique lesson content. This way, new knowledge, practices, and processes can be established which makes it easy to maintain an up-to-date distribution of information.

Did you know that the word Administration comes from the Latin word “administration” meaning giving of help? The administration is vital in all organizations such as the Department of Education (DepEd). In a large institution like DepEd where it benefits lots of people, a lacks of administration will result in failure and it will negatively impact all its broad beneficiaries. The administration is beneficial to the educational organization as well as various segments of society. It performs the governance functions of DepEd.  The National Educator’s Academy of The Philippines (NEAP) and Program Management Service are the accessory offices of DepEd that help them administer its operations.

The National Educator’s Academy of The Philippines (NEAP) is a Department of Education-affiliated organization. It is in charge of providing and transforming professional development for teachers, administrators, and other members of the educational community. The Secretary has a direct line of communication with NEAP. They ensure that teacher and other educational agents' training fulfills the required standards and is developed in a professional manner. It is also tasked with carrying out governance duties. The Director's Office, Professional Development Division, and Quality Assurance Division are all sub-offices that work together to ensure the professional and quality advancement of all DepEd personnel.

Furthermore, professional development programs for the Department of Education's human resources are provided by the National Education Assistance Program (NEAP). In order to facilitate the delivery of quality programs, the NEAP also oversees the Training and Development Information System (TDIS), a component of the HRMIS. The existence of NEAP is proof that the Department of Education works hard to ensure that all Filipinos receive a high-quality education. Given the notion that education has become more of a privilege than a right, knowing that education in the Philippines is of high quality and meets international standards is consoling.

DepEd has a Program Management Service to help them better manage their operations. It consists of the Director's Office, the Project Development Division, and the Project Management Division. The Director's Office is in charge of managing public relations events. They also have connections at the DepEd's Central Office, as well as other Public Affairs offices and other agencies, for issues related to their tasks. On the other hand, Project Development Division is responsible for developing youth formation programs, projects, and activities. They used financial strategies to create and implement events for youths or learners in order to encourage their development. Finally, we have the Project Management Division, which is in charge of overseeing all of the projects.

In addition, the offices under Program Management Services have the goal is to make program and project operations and execution as efficient as possible in terms of planning, application, and resource utilization. The role of the PPMO is to manage, coordinate, monitor, and evaluate capital-intensive and large-scale projects involving two or more units or agencies.

In whatever language does the word “Administration” is translated, its meaning and purpose are indispensable in DepEd. It keeps the DepEd alive.

ABSTRACT

JOWENA JANE O. FELIX, Tarlac Agricultural University, Camiling, Tarlac, March 2017. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF WORKTEXT FOR GRADE 8 STRUGGLING READERS

Adviser: DR. ELEANOR G. HILARIO

         This study was conducted to develop and validate a worktext for Grade 8 struggling readers at Dapdap High School. The worktext was constructed based on the scope and sequence chart and developed teacher’s manual. The teacher’s manual includes the objectives, domains, skills, procedures with electronic learning websites, and answer keys. The worktext contained 21 lessons with activities for Practice, Assessment, and Enrichment. The domains covered in the worktext include: Word Recognition, Spelling, Prosodic Features, Punctuation, Capitalization, Grammar, and Reading Comprehension.                     

This study used an Instructional Material Development (IMD) design that focuses on needs assessment, construction, testing, and evaluation. The identified Grade 8 struggling readers, from Special Reading Class during the academic year 2016-2017, were the respondents of the validated diagnostic test and try-out evaluation. The researcher used two instruments for this study; the validated diagnostic test and adopted checklist for the evaluation. There were 5 English teachers who evaluated the worktext in terms of content, vocabulary, structure, and skills. Pre-test, post-test, and try-out evaluation of the worktext were executed to determine the suitability and validity of the developed worktext.

         In the process of the try-out of the lessons in the worktext, the English evaluators rated each lesson of the worktext as very suitable with an overall mean score of 4.86. The results show that the developed worktext is very suitable in terms of word recognition, spelling, prosodic features, punctuation and capitalization, grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension to the target users. The difference in the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in all the seven domains is highly significant. This implies that the developed worktext is a valid and suitable remedial material for Grade 8 struggling readers in Dapdap High School. It was recommended that teachers in English classes may use the developed worktext to cater the needs of struggling readers who are under frustration level and to enhance their reading capabilities.

Almost every country's education system is affected by the Covid 19 global epidemic. It generates a lot of delays and stagnation. Education is incorporated in an E-learning setup after various debates. E-learning enters the virtual world, where technical growth serves as a means of connecting people. E-learning has the advantage of not requiring a lot of effort and saving money on traveling. Furthermore, it saves time and increases production without jeopardizing someone's health. Buying electronics, on the other hand, will still be expensive. Another disadvantage is that the academic performance's quality and authenticity are questionable. Furthermore, prolonged usage of electronic devices can result in serious conditions such as stroke, which can lead to death.

Parents, students, and instructors can use social media to learn new methods to share information and establish a community. At least one social network is used by 96 percent of students who have access to the internet. Everything is made feasible by social media, from obtaining a summer internship to spreading a success story about how to win the student-loan war.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of social media in schools. Because students are already online most of the time, it makes perfect sense to leverage the online environment to communicate with them. To observe children of all ages completely engrossed in their smartphones, simply walk into any school or colleague's office. Social media accounts are not just used for personal purposes but educational purposes. Social media offers a wide range of platforms for education like Gmail accounts.

To reach out to students, teachers must be open-minded and use technology themselves. When a teacher is willing to use and adjust their methods as part of the educational process, students respond positively. Students can open up and express their ideas in an online chat about a specific book. Outdated teachers in the new normal setup experience bundles of barriers in their teaching. The technicalities issue is their everyday routine. To give action on this problem, technical assistance and training are given by the instructors. Significantly, the teachers must be well equipped with the platforms used in class for them to teach effectively and smoothly as well as guide their students.

The advantages of social media in the classroom do not end with the teacher-student interaction. Many other advantages can be derived from the use of social networking at higher levels. This might easily be a college argumentative essay topic. However, the advantages are clear, ranging from healthier parent-teacher interactions to permanently altering the way our children learn.

For work to be accomplished, it must be completed in a variety of ways. Management includes things like planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization. Managing a school organization is now a lot more difficult, and it requires a particular person to take on the task of managing the entire school and propelling them to the top. As a practicing discipline, school administration focuses on how principals organize their institutions' activities. Specifically, this is to ensure that the given objectives are met effectively and efficiently

Education management, administration, and leadership are interwoven concepts. Achieving a balance between school operations, leadership, staff and student performance improvement, and administrative or lower-order responsibilities is difficult for most school leaders.

All school stakeholders must be actively involved in a successful school-based management approach. They believe that struggling schools should employ new ways such as teaching understanding, utilizing technology, educating all students, and providing integrative services to improve their performance.

School-based Management (SBM) is a system used by the Department of Education in the Philippines to improve education by moving decision-making authority from state and district offices to individual schools. Using data to improve educational and instructional practices has been proved to be a very effective strategy for achieving academic success. Responsible individuals in schools can make decisions that will improve learning; Give the entire school community a voice in key decisions; Focus accountability for decisions; Redirect resources to support the goals developed in each school; and Lead to realistic budgeting as parents and teachers become more aware of the school's financial status, spending limitations, and the cost of its programs through school-based management (SBM).

Teachers are the backbone of education and society. In addition to providing advice and attention to pupils, they teach young people how to learn. The school's success is due to the efforts of janitors, accountants, drivers, guidance counselors, security officers, and canteen staff. In order to provide effective therapy, school leaders must establish open communication with school employees. The quality of your teachers' work determines whether your school succeeds or fails.

They are an important part of educational management to keep in good shape. Being able to pay instructors on time and make them feel valued might give them a sense of accomplishment. Only if a teacher participates in an unethical activity that hurts the learners can he or she be fired.

Educational Management, often known as commercial management, industrial management, financial management, and so on, is an applied part of management. Educators are responsible for educational management. In the sphere of education, it applies management theories and practices. Physical, personnel and curricular resources are all necessary for the organization of an educational organization. The nature of educational management is that it is a universal process, an art, a social science, a profession, and a dynamic process.

Educational management can be conducted not only in school but also in other industries. The act of educating as well as administering it has always been part of every aspect of life such as religion, human relations, business, etc. Moreover, educational management comes in a variety of styles, approaches, effectivity, and scope. There is a various approach that can be used in administering a school. It includes democratic, autocratic, centralized, and decentralized educational management. Hence, educational management has been acknowledged as art. Educational Management is a social science since it collects data through observation, experimentation, and explanation, among other approaches. Before deciding what approach to use, evaluating the performance of teachers, students and other staff will give an accurate answer on what your school needs.

Educational Management is considered a career. Administrators in the Department of Education are among the highest-paid professions. Their work area is also well-ventilated. Aspirants must complete the educational titles, certifications, and degrees required to become an administrator. In addition, the Department of Education established qualifications for an educational administrator. In this job, both skills and attitude are essential. Educational management is a complex job since it necessitates knowledge from a variety of subjects, including economics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Flexibility must be introduced into educational management in a changing environment where what is beneficial today may not be useful in the future. The upgrading of principles, resources, and approaches is part of continuous innovation in educational management.

A great educational management system has a goal and a reason for achieving it. Educational management is focused and committed to achieving its objectives. As a result, a school's instructional leader must be goal oriented. The task of every stakeholder involved in educational management is a coordinated effort. While achieving their respective aims and responsibilities to improve the quality of education, all school members share an environment. Most importantly, educational management improves administrators' interpersonal abilities. Seeing their point of view or, if feasible, trying to put yourself in their shoes will help you comprehend your constituents. A legendary educational leader provides solutions based on the majority's choice rather than their own.

There are many stereotypes that the Edukasyong Pantahan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) face. Most students don’t usually pay much attention to them because they are not academic courses. Without them knowing, learning EPP lessons will definitely increase their minds and expertise, which provides numerous immediate and visible results. It gives a set of skills and a livelihood regardless of age and gender. It values time and accountability.

EPP is an art form that contains a variety of realistic lessons. Those lessons are not more about figures and memorization. It is an art because all the concepts are subject to application. The students are like artists of their own in utilizing their EPP lessons in a worthwhile output. The colorful stories of students who seek livelihoods at their age are like aesthetic and pleasing artwork. While the EPP course topics serve as the medium and material for creating a beautiful living artwork. The variety of expertise being taught is like a color scheme that is compatible with another. All lessons create a harmony that aims for student development more than theories but actions.

EPP is regarded as a science. It involves systematic processes. Prior to the full development of the skills of the students, the step-by-step process that students need to take It starts with entering a school and taking skill-based subjects like EPP. After that, it will be followed by understanding the concepts of the skills that are usually under the duty of the instructors. The next step is for the instructors to guide their students in converting the theories into actions. As time passed by, the instructors slowly let their students move independently to make them solidify their expertise more and more. Moreover, all the lessons in EPP involve systematic methods for the accurate execution of competencies.

Lastly, the EPP subject involves practicality. Skill-based learning aids in the integration of real-life experiences and the development of effective communication abilities. Through skill-based education, students learn to be generous, chivalrous, and gracious. Unlike academic subjects that need a college degree before having a job, skill-based subjects such as EPP will have sky’s the limit job opportunities even without a college diploma. It is more practical because the students will no longer need to spend more money on education. They can earn money in the comfort of their own homes or outside, as undergraduates or while working.It emphasizes grit and creativity.

Edukasyong Pantahan at Pangkabuhayan is a subject that talks about life. As John Dewey said, "Education is life itself."

“Mathematics is not about numbers, equations, computations or algorithms. It is about understanding.” William Paul Thurston

Mathematics is an umbrella discipline for all fields concerned with numerical data. Some of them are: Arithmetic, Calculus, Geometry, and Basic Math. Also, this course is integrated into other academic and non-academic disciplines like physics, which is under Science, Economics, Entrepreneurship, and even in the daily lives of individuals.

In 2005, Gallup conducted a study in which students in the United States were asked to choose the most challenging topic in school. Unsurprisingly, mathematics ranked first on the difficulty scale. Most students in the Philippines despise mathematics since they see so many numbers and formulae that they quickly give up. In fact, no matter how we avoid mathematics, we will still encounter it as long as we are alive. Students' learning styles can differ in terms of how quickly or slowly they can learn. The ability of the brain to acquire, interpret, and understand math lessons is an essential determinant for a student's ability to truly learn. However, even if they do their hardest, some people's pace is not cooperating at all.

One of the mathematical issues is that many students go on to more complicated concepts based on unstable groundwork. Mathematics is not a topic where you can skip a step; each one is crucial because if you miss one, the whole thing will fall apart. It takes time, wit, grit, and brilliance before you finally unlock the mathematical problem.

Only when mathematics instruction has a beneficial impact on student learning can it be considered effective. This means that teachers must be aware of their pupils' behaviors and attitudes, as some students may be interested in the subject while others are not. One of the most successful strategies to grab kids' attention is to recognize the necessity of employing materials and visual representations to generate a profound understanding of the courses.

Depending on whether they commit to efficiently teaching the material, the teacher's image can be either favorable or negative for the students. Although mathematics is a challenging topic to learn, as long as professors demonstrate their abilities in problem solving, scenarios, concepts, and even in the real world, students will retain at least some of what is taught to them.

Mathematics is a great way to develop mental discipline while also encouraging logical reasoning and mental rigor. Furthermore, understanding the topics of other educational courses such as science, social studies, and even music and art is dependent on mathematical knowledge.

A school is a small scale of society that was created by a particular individual or organization to meet some of the most basic human needs. Also, a school is a pleasant home, a sacred temple, a social hub, and a training ground where students are educated and prepared for their future lives.

It is a right to have unimpeded access to education and a well-mandated educational system. As a result, there isn't a single school that doesn't have a management system in place. For the school, a management system is both an expense and a source of revenue. It necessitates monetary considerations, effort, and time. In exchange, it provides various benefits, including academic growth, academic excellence, academic and non-academic sustainability, and, at some point, additional resources, as well as boosts its charisma and reputation. It considers all components of the school, such as rules, materials, and human resources, programs, activities, and equipment, and weaves them together into a cohesive whole.

Moreover, the school aims to reflect and preserve essential principles such as integrity, excellence, and transparency. They trained their learners to be principled citizens of their country. Just like most of the sayings indicate, education is a great cure for ignorance, a medicine for several societal infirmities, and a powerful tool to change the world. Hence, schools prioritize effective management to come up with a reasonable decision. These educational plans will be put into action in a given time frame. Additionally, school management is expected to deal with social change through its flexibility and dynamism. School administration wished to spread and gain knowledge through experience, which was similar to the goals of education.

In the most current issue, school management is all forced to embrace technological advancement. This is because of the fact that the traditional way of education has been slowly shifting into a more advanced method such as online learning. The pandemic is living proof that all educational processes necessitate technological means.

Lastly, school management molds and shapes one's personality and values. Education in the phase of a pandemic taught both learners and instructors a set of values. This includes accountability, for mostly self-learning is involved. Cheating has been widely open to students, but as they cheat on their studies, they are losing the values of self-love as well as self-growth. The school's management imposed commitment and passion as they constantly assessed the changing situation and tried to implement strategies and tactics that would benefit learners and instructors.